Blue white dolphine (Stenella coaeruleo-albus) lacks the gall bladder and has the biliary duct which consists of the hepatic, common heaptic and hepato-pancreatic ducts. In the adult, the duct from the liver to the junction of the duodenum was about 5 cm long and its length in the duodenal wall was 4 to 5 cm.
It was demonstrated by maceration method and histological investigation that the muscle layers of the duct consist of four muscle layers, i. e., from the serosa inwards the longitudinal, circular, longitudinal and circular muscle layers, respectively.
The first longitudinal muscle layer originates from the duodenal circular muscle, surrounds the duct and goes up to the junction of the pancreatic duct. The second circular muscle exists in the total length of the biliary duct and connects with the duodenal circular muscle. The third longitudinal muscle is the proper biliary muscle and is thicker in the orifice of the duct, extends 1 cm out of the duodenal wall and is independent of the duodenal muscle. The fourth circular muscle layer is the submucosal muscle.
The ganglion cells are located abundantly between every muscle layers of the hepato-pancreatic and in the submucosal layer along the common hepatic and hepatic ducts.

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トリ(オスのニワトリ)の大腸の運動を生体内のもの, ならびに摘出したものについて研究し, 生因によって3種類に分類し, 他方壁内神経細胞の分布状態を組織学的に研究した.これらの研究によって得られた結果は次のように要約される.
1. 壁内神経細胞分布の様相は哺乳類で見られるものとは次の点で異っている.
a. 腸外神経は大腸壁内に進入した後, 所々で分枝を出す.その顕著なものは縦, 輪走両筋層間と粘膜下層において網目を作るAuerbachおよびMeissner神経叢である.神経細胞は, しかし, 結節点だけに集合することなく神経走行経路のいたるところに散在する, なお神経細胞の1cm²当りの数は大腸の口側端部では約7800であるが, その他の部位ではどこでも変りなく, 3000～4000と見積られた.
b. 糞道の最尾端部の周縁には多数(1500～2000個)の神経細胞を含む, 大きな神経節がいくつか認められた.
2. 生体内大腸では糞道の最尾端部周縁に非常に微弱な拍動が, 7.9～11.0secの周期をもって繰り返し発生し, それぞれが浅い収縮波(上行波)として1.2～1.5mm/secの速度をもって口側端にまで伝播する.
3. 生体内大腸を, 肛門に挿入したカニューレを介して, 圧力瓶に連結した後, 瓶を3cmH₂Oにまで揚げると大腸がほんの短時間(約1/3sec以内)膨らされた後, 全長にわたつてほとんど同時的に強い収縮が引き起こされる.この結果として総排泄腔の内容が一部分肛門外に排出される.この運動はRemakの神経を介してひき起こされる腸外反射効果であると考えられる.そして鳥ではこれが排便運動であると考えられる.
4. 摘出大腸の内圧を3～6cmH₂Oにまで高めると大腸の最口側端部に拍動が30.0～33.5secの周期をもつて繰り返し発生し, それぞれ0.9～1.2mm/secの速度をもつて尾側へ向つて伝播するが, 大腸と総排泄腔の境界部を越えると急速に減衰して消える.この事実は鳥では壁内神経細胞が大腸収縮波の強さ, および方向を規制する機能を持っていることを示唆している.この運動は, しかし, 排便運動に関しては, 脇役を演ずるにすぎないと考えられる.

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Eighteen dogs were used for experiments. Electodes were implanted on the stomach after selective vagotomy, selective proximal vagotomy, selective vagotomy with pyloroplasty and laparotomy (control) and electromyograms were recorded until a month after the implantation. Thirty dogs were exmained their gastric motility by means of strain gage meth od under the stimulation of various branches of vagus nerve by square pulses.
Results were:
1) Both vagotomized dogs showed remarkable increase of anti-peristaltic electrical discharges. In contrast there was no remarkable change on the normo peristaltic discharges.
2) On the selectively vagotomized dogs both peristaltic electrical discharges descreased in height contrary to normals.
3) After solid diet or hot milk, difference of patterns of normo peristaltic frequency between normal and selectively vagotomized dogs became remarkable. And its pattern in selective proximally vagotomized dogs was resemble to normals'.
4) According to results of the stimulation with block or various sections of nerves it is considered that the antral branch of vagus nerve controls also motility of lower corpus. The propagation was very quick differing from anti-peristalsis. And it was considered to be cholinergic.
5) By the stimulation of pyloric branch anti-peristalsis was scarcely occured. The pyloroplasty combined with selective vagotomy was not effective to decrease anti-peristaltic discharges after solid diet.

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1. The muscle of bile ducts does not connect with duodenal muscle and ganglion cells are observed in the submucosa and muscle layers. There is no special sphincter muscle in the orifice of the duct.
2. The bile is transproted by peristalses from hepatic side to the duodenum in vivo.
3. In the isolated bile duct (hepato-duodenal duct), raising the intraluminal pressure induced rhythmic contraction or increased spontaneous contraction.
4. Adernaline, noradrenaline and phenylephrine as well as acetylcholine increased the contraction, while isoprenaline inhibited the spontaneous contraction in number. After treatment with pindroll, adrenaline strengthened the contraction, while after treatment with phenoxybenzamine the excitatory effect responsbile to adrenaline was abolished.
5. The excitatory effect of nicotine was abolished after tetrodotoxin, but the excitatory effect induced by raising intraluminal pressure was not abolished with tetrodotoxin. However, after treatment of hexamethonium bromide, nicotine or atropine, the excitatory effect of raising intraluminal pressure was slightly reduced. It is supposed that the contraction induced by raising intraluminal pressure after treat-ment of these agents is myogenic in origin.

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