This study presents a new technique to observe the structure of gastric smooth muscle layers by means of the combined use of “mucosa stripping technique” and “nitric acid treatment”. The mucosa stripping technique has been described elsewhere. After the procedure, the specimens are re-emersed into 20% nitric acid solution for 3 to 7 days. By the time, the muscle fibers contract tightly and the interstitial fibrous tissues become swollen and fragil, and they are easily removed by forceps in running water. Leaving muscle structure is solidly delineated.
By this method, the author explored the detailed structure of three layers of gastric smooth muscles and individualized the special muscle bundles; namely, “anterior medial oblique muscle bundle”, “posterior medial oblique muscle bundle” and “border circular muscle bundle”. These muscle bundles constitute, so-called, “upper strain zone” in relation to the development of peptic ulcers at about the gastric angulus where almost all uclers locate.
Special interest is emphasized on an existence of “lesser curvature longitudinal muscle bundle” which is confined to the area of upper strain zone and tapering off in gradual fusion with the circular muscle bundles. Although, the functional signfiicance of these muscle bundles remains for the future study.

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1) The intravenous administration of DD-234 (5-10μg/kg) inhibited the motilities of the stomach and small intestine of dogs, and the drug (20μg/kg) abolished the excitatory effect of vagal stimulation upon the gastric motility. The administration of the drug into the duodenal lumen inhibited also the vagal excitatory effect.
2) In the isolated rectum and small intestine of dogs, the drug depressed the excitatory effect produced by applying acetylcholine, while that caused by administration of his-tamine or BaCl₂ was never inhibited.
3) The salivation from the submandibular gland produced by stimulation of chorda tympani was absolished by administration of the drug.
4) It may be concluded from the results described above that the drug has an anticholinergic activity.

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Extracorporal preservation and heterotrophic allotransplantation of small bowels in adult dogs were carried out.
1. Experiment of preservation
After flushing out of blood from vessels by 5% low molecular dextran, small bowels were preserved at -5°C, 0°C, 4°C, 10°C and 23°C respectively, wrapping in gauze humidified with autoplasma.
The electromyograms of the preserved bowels were recorded at regular time intervals, in order to find out the maximum period of preservation. The E. M. G's which were recorded from those preserved at 4°C kept almost same activities until the 14th days after preparation.
2. Experimental transplantation
The isolated terminal ileum of 30 cm was transplanted into the abdominal cavity, performed as the Thiry-Vella fistula, or at the place of excised cervical esophagus.
Imuran, 6MP and M. M. C with dexamethasone were used in allotransplantation as immunosuppresive agents. A dog with the Thiry-Vella fistula survived for 79 days and it was the longest survival of the allograft. However, the dog with cervical transplantation survived for 35 days at maximum.
Several changes were observed in E. M. G's of these two groups. These changes coincided with the time of rejection crisis at 2 weeks after operation.
Small bowels transplanted into cervical esophagus revealed to be nearly normal in view of E. M. G's which were recorded 4 months after operation, while in the cases of the Thiry-Vella fistula bowel activity could not recorded.
In the Thiry-Vella fistula group without immunosuppresive agents transplanted bowels were rejected at an earlier period.

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Using total 240 surgically resected gastric specimens, a study on a relationship between the anatomical characteristics of gastro-duodenal junction and the locations of duodenal ucler was undertaken.
1) Muscular aspects of duodenal uclers revealed that all uclers of duodenum were located on or close to the pyloric ring.
2) Ratios of the thickness of the pyloric circular muscle and dudoenal circular muscle to the pyloric circular muscle bundle were measured. Pyloric circular muscle bundle (P.C.M.B.) is particularly thick and about 2.6 times thicker than pyloric circular muscle at 2 cm and 1 cm proximal to the P.C.M.B. and about 6.6 times thicker than duodenal circular muscle.
This anatomical characteristics of gastroduodenal junction suggest a probable existence of “strain zone” of gastro-duodenal peristalsis between distal antrum and proximal duodenum. However, gastric specimens without duodenal ulcer also revealed the some anatomical characteristics.
3) Longitudinal muscle of stomach is usually continuous to that of duodenum in the majority of the specimens. However, there were some cases with partial interruption of the continuity of the longitudinal muscles. Another anatomical characteristic of this part is an existence of adventitial septum between the pyloric ring and duodenal circular muscle that showed occasional partial deficit at any part of the circle. Those anatomical characteristics showed no particular relationship to the occurrence of the ulcer.
4) On mucosal aspects, the pyloro-duodenal glands borders were found to be located close to the pyloric ring and on the duodenal side in majority of the cases. All of the duodenal ulcers were located close to the mucosal border and on the duodenal side.
The anatomical relationships between the pyloric ring and the mucosal border were classified in the IV types but thise typings revealed no particular relationship to the occurrence of the ulcer.

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