Fifty years after the publication of anthropologist Edward T. Hall's landmark book The silent language, which set Hall on course to becoming recognized as the founder of the field of intercultural communication, a puzzling question that remains is why Hall has managed to have such a significant impact on research and practice outside of anthropology, but very little lasting impact on anthropology itself. By examining anthropological writings on Hall's work between 1959 and the mid-1980s, this paper offers an understanding of how Hall came to be depicted and seen in American sociocultural anthropology and thus how, in the process, he failed to engage in a meaningful dialogue with his own discipline.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify what whales symbolize in certain religious ceremonies by comparing the Bungo Chanel, a non-whaling religion with Taiji, Wakayama, a whaling religion. In a Buddhist religious service to whales in Taiji; whales are given a service equivalent to man. In case of the Bungo Channel, whales are often symbolized with a god or something unknown. In addition, when whales are symbolized like man, some possess inferior and some have superior characteristics to man. The visit of the whale is an unusual and valued experience for many local communities, therefore, a unique religious ceremony were given to the whale in the Bungo Channel.

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The purpose of this research is to investigate the interactions among international college students in an intercultural collaborative work project. The fieldwork and repeated interviews with each participant were conducted throughout the project by the first author. Data was analyzed from two perspectives. The first perspective focuses on the relative positions of the participants in regard to the differences of power or "capital" (Bourdieu, 1991) among them. The second perspective focuses on factors that bring the participants closer including shared purposes, tasks and time together. As a result, it was revealed that they utilized various linguistic resources to understand each other while differences in capital relatively position them.

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In order to identify the typology of cross-cultural contact by Japanese hosts, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 Japanese students, who have experienced close interactions with international students. The narratives of the informants were analyzed on the basis of the framework of the AUC-GS learning model. The aspects of cross-cultural "awareness, understanding, and coping" were studied. The informants were examined with regard to whether they noticed the existence of cultural differences, understood the occurring mechanisms of cross-cultural problems, and successfully coped with those problems. The informants were divided into six categories. Some informants exhibited considerable awareness regarding cultural differences, understood problems between cultures, and thus, coped well. The educational challenges faced by Japanese host students are discussed in this study.

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Practitioners of critical discourse analysis uncover ideological assumptions and patterns of domination in text. Although various methods are employed, there is a tendency of practitioners to oversimplify the interpretation of their findings. In this paper we suggest that the findings be assessed in terms of their ethical implications and progress toward social renewal. Examples of this assessment are taken from a large on-going study of the texts produced in the aftermath of the Tokai Village nuclear accident in 1999. These examples are drawn from corpus data, ethnographic data, and interpretive analyses of the researchers.

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This paper aims at shedding light on the current status of culture in Korean schools in Japan and the transmission of this culture, or cultures, to their students. Korean ethnic schools have survived in the midst of severe discrimination and prejudice from the surrounding Japanese society during the post-war era, an impressive statement of the power of culture. However, the status of these schools gradually changed after 2002, when the North Korean government admitted to a series of abduction cases of Japanese citizens and a new multicultural Korean society began to emerge. This paper will illuminate the roles of culture and diversity among Korean schools and their strenuous efforts dealing with discriminatory cultural policies of the Japanese government and society.

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The "Naxi Ancient Music" is a type of traditional music of the Naxi people who live in Yunnan Province, China. Since some theories about the Naxi music are not accepted by musicologists of the Han people, many controversies are raised. Such controversy is an indictment filed by the president of the "Dayan Naxi Ancient Music Association" against the author of an article entitled "What is Naxi Archaic Music." This paper gives an overview of this case, in an attempt to analyze how the minority music culture created by contemporary tourist development is considered by musical commercial activists and ethnomusicologists. In addition, the paper examines how multi-cultural symbiosis and mutual prosperity might be constructed, as well as means by which the traditional performing arts, being constantly exposed to the risk of disappearance, could be promoted and preserved in a multi-ethnic China.

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This study examines the situation of food within the discourse of intangible heritage. Food is discussed as a potential and independent category in UNESCO's formal definition of intangible heritage, as contended in applications submitted by countries that currently seek formal heritage designation for their national cuisines, and through issues such as identity and symbolic violence that are attendant to the concept of food as heritage. Although food may rightfully belong in the heritage discourse, its formal designation as heritage requires careful consideration in light of such issues.

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