We conducted a questionnaire survey on bowel habits and symptoms in 2,250Japanese community-dwelling elderly individuals. The questionnaire was developedbased on a constipation scoring system using the Wexner score. Among 1,890 respondents, 1,709 elderly individuals aged 60 years or older were analyzed in this study. Of these, fecal, urinary, and gas incontinence were prevalent in 5.3％, 20.5％, and 29.8％, respectively. The identified risk factors of fecal incontinence included urinary incontinence in men（odds ratio［OR］：20.1）, and urinary incontinence（OR：5.8）and gas incontinence（OR：5.0）in women.

The regional STOMA society, or STOMA seminar society, is not easy to organize． Sofar, KANSAI STOMA society has been well organized, and its steps are mentioned．

The first KANSAI STOMA meeting was held in October 3, 1981 in Osaka． This was the first meeting on stoma care ever held in Japan． Since then, the meeting has been held on an annual or biannual basis, by the KANSAI STOMA society which comprises 27 officers and is responsible for three operations：organizing the annual meeting, publishing the STOMA, and holding STOMA seminars．

The KANSAI STOMA seminar was first held in July 10, 1982 in Osaka． This was also the first seminar regarding stoma care in Japan． Since then, STOMA seminars have been held annually or biannually, by the KANSAI STOMA seminar society which comprises 153 officers．

It is important to manage the members and officers, membership fees, electing the secretariat, and many other activities．

Throughout the history of ostomy, urinary diversion has been followed by the development of not only colostomy techniques but also stoma treatment and stomal apparatus. I have been engaged in ileal conduit as an urologist for over 50 years, with a deep understanding of the merits and demerits of this procedure. However, I myself suffered from bladder cancer and had to undergo radical cystectomy with ileal conduit. Here, I review ileal conduit from the standpoint of an urologist as well as ostomate, and conclude that ileal conduit should be the first choice for patients requiring urinary diversion.

Stoma prolapse is a common complication following loop ostomy, possibly requiring surgical management for troublesome stoma care or ischemic change. Although several corrective surgical methods have been employed, no optimal corrective method has yet been established. Variables to consider when constructing a corrective strategy include the need for laparotomy or colon resection, and the optimal site of reconstruction. This report describes the use of a new surgical strategy, called modified Altemeier's operation, in one patient with loop ileostomy and two patients with loop colostomy for prolapse ranging 10-15 cm in size（operative time：35, 49, and 55 minutes）. None of the patients had operative wound pain. All patients resumed oral intake on the second postoperative day, and stoma self-care on the third postoperative day. This method is minimally invasive, requiring no laparotomy or skin incision. Moreover, postoperative and preoperative stomal configurations are nearly identical, so patients can resume oral intake and self stoma care early on. This new repair strategy can be applied easily even in high-risk patients．