Today, even in snowy districts, because snow removing technologies are advanced, our life styles depend on cars compulsorily. These trends may become more and more conspicuous in the near future. Then may be summarized as follows :
1) In 1996, the number of car possessions per 1, 000 peoples was 389.1 in the snowy districts and it is larger 46.9 more than 342.2 in the non-snowy districts.
2) The number of car possessions per 1, 000 peoples was 358.4 in 1995 and it will be 1.57 times 562.9 in 2015. 3) The number of car possessions per 1, 000 peoples over 18 years old is 449.4 in 1995 and it will be 1.56 times 700.2 in 2015.
4) The rate of acquisitors of driving license from 1995 to 2015 will be incresed notablely in the aged and the ratio between man and woman will be reduced sharply.
5) The number of car possessions per head every 5 years old over 18 years old was 0.381 cars in 1995 and it will be 1.62 times 0.616 cars in 2015.
6) The maximum number of car possessions per family in the case of a family of couple and children over 18 years old is 2+n cars. On the other hand, in the case of a family with their parents who are able to drive, the number is 4+n cars. I would emphasite feel that it is necessary to make some guidelines for the solution of the problem. For this purpose, it is important to estimate for the demand for garage space of each family, and to signify appropriate arrangement, scale and types.

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A removal method of snow accumulated on a photovoltaic (PV) array installed at a pantiled roof was examined using a model house in 1994/1995 winter season. The photovoltaic array with a rate of 1kW consists of ten PV panels and each panel was individually heated by injecting do current from a dc power supply. The roof surface around the array was covered with the electrically-heated roof tiles. When snow slides down from the panels and the temperature at the under surface of the panel rises to 3 degrees, the heating circuit automatically turns off and the system for generating electric power turns on. Snow on the photovoltaic array and the pantiled roof usually slides down within 3 to 4 hours after heating. The snow sliding system works effectively in assistance of sunshine. After snow sliding, the photovoltaic array can generate electricity in a sunny day, although the gained energy is less than whole energy to snow removal. Since the generated power is considerably reduced owing to the existence of a little snow lump on the array, snow should be removed clearly.

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Many problems become serious conditions by the progress of the rapid increase of the aged population, such as the enlargement of the depopulation areas, the rise of the aged persons ratio, the service of the infrastructure facilities, and the snow-removing work. In this paper, the activation plans and facility services for aged persons are surveyed in Niigata prefecture. The results may be summarized as follows :
(1) The supports of the administration for aged persons are at low level conditions in Niigata prefecture.
(2) The subsidy for the transportation fare and the operation of the welfare-bus are needed to encourage the activity of the aged persons.
(3) The reformation of the aged person's senses and the network among other organizations are indispensable to activate the depopulation areas.

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The road surfaces on steel deck bridges frequently become frosty and slippery during winter time due to low temperature. An investigation was made on the influence of the structural details under the bridge deck on this phenomenon by measuring temperatures at various points of steel deck bridges. The main conclusions obtained are as follows :
(1) The road surface temperature on the steel deck is lower than that of the river and of the surrounding air in midnight to the dawn on a frosty day. Therefore, the radiation heat from the river surface and convection heat from the air warm up the deck so as to make road surface less vulnerable to freezing.
(2) Therefore, the daily minimum road surface temperature on the deck with insulator or closed-shaped rib (so called 'U-shaped rib') is lower than that with openedshaped rib (so called 'I-shaped rib') on a frosty morning.
(3) Reinforced concrete bridge deck is larger in thickness and so as in the heat capacity compared to steel decks. Therefore, the heat flux from the river and the air to the concrete deck is negligible.

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