In October 2010, the government defined 29 social housing districts as “Ghetto”. The district inhabitants were over 50% of non-Western European immigrants, over 40% of unemployed (18 to 65 years old), and over 2.7% of the crime rate of district residents over 18 years old. In this paper, I focus on the ghettoization of the social housing districts in Denmark and consider how the “ghetto” has formed mainly from the policy approach of immigrants, refugees, and housing policy.

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The importance of issues and problems concerning the living environments of the elderly will increase with an aging society. This paper uses cases of adult guardian support to study the living environments of elderly individuals who lack sufficient decision-making ability because of dementia. Based on this, the paper clarifies the state of living environment support provided by guardians as well as the functioning of guardians in providing such support. The paper goes on to observe the living styles of the elderly in a super-aging society using the adult guardianship system from the perspective of “Aging in Place.”

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This research aimed to clarify an actual conditions of donated park by park institution with non-donated and self maintenance, and to grasp the problems to be solved, and to examine an state of donated park to improve a living environment. From the results, we clarify the points of improvement as follows; 1. Enhancing a consultation with guideline that secure an openness of the donated parks from development application, 2. Managing use of residents and citizens by public-citizen partnership, 3. Arrangement to improve and renovate the donated parks in accordance with family and regional environmental change.

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The purpose of this research is to clarify conditions of new ownership types of collective housing, and to explore its possibility of popularity through comparison to housing cooperative systems abroad. In America, housing cooperatives receive preference on rent, tax, subsidy as housings for medium-low income class. In France and Korea where home ownership-oriented is dominated, housing cooperative laws were established and new ownership types rather than home ownership and lease are increasing. In Japan, there are 3 new ownership type movements, limited liability partnership, lease type cooperative and stockholder residence rights. Business administration by incorporated management association was newly explored.

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To develop an evaluation method for countermeasures against urban heat environmental problem throughout a year, we proposed a series of methods for modelling the dynamic change of the impact of spatial elements on air temperature. In concrete, we suggested 1) how to quantify spatial entities as spatial indicators, 2) how to select the spatial indicators that well explain air temperature, and 3) how to develop regression models avoiding the bias typically caused in the spatial analysis. We detected the dynamic pattern of the impact of spatial elements on air temperature that correspond to physical thermal effects.

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Aiming to develop the basic data on the effect of thermal insulation retrofit unique to Kyo-machiya, a large-scale questionnaire survey on the residents’health and measurements of thermal environment in some dwellings were conducted. Furthermore, a numerical analysis was also conducted to quantitatively investigate the effect of insulation retrofit.

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In Japan with increasing number of single seniors, assisted living facilities where self-sufficient seniors live together is required. We investigated life at “Collective House Fardknappen” and the operation of the facility to analyze factors that allow for independent living until a person’s advanced years. The following is required; 1) selecting residents based on the analysis results of issues and managerial roles, 2) systemizing/manualizing management of housing, 3) training the next generation, 4) assisting external supporters and 5) awareness of mutual co-operation among residents.

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The domestic wastewater treatment plans have been got ready by sewage treatment systems and Johkasous. Domestic wastewater treatment plans is pursued in the local present conditions in future by a local social, financial, and technical aspect. This report introduces the development process of the Johkasous, and discuss the effect of the Johkasous as the on-site domestic wastewater treatment systems.

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Recently a new type of nursery facility sometimes receives a negative reaction from the local community. In this research, we analyzed newspaper articles of negative response on opening nursery facilities from 2010 to 2016 and conducted an interview survey with 20 local governments to clarify those controversial cases. Then we organized 24 cases into four space preparing types and pointed out that it is crucial to share the building policy within the community before introducing a facility, especially in the crowded residential areas.

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Currently, apartment houses are one of the main residential forms in Japan; however, the indoor thermal environment of these houses in the hot–humid regions is yet to be elucidated. Additionally the risk of heatstroke are concerned. Consequently, we investigated the indoor thermal environment of apartment houses in Kochi Prefecture and Okinawa Prefecture, hot-humid region in Japan, and clarified their characteristics respectively with considering the data reported in previous research. Furthermore, we examined and proposed methods for improving the indoor thermal environment of apartment houses in each prefectures.

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Soma-idobatanagaya was built as the only group home type housing aiming for co-assistant among residents as a disaster public housing for the elderly after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Although the situation of assistance after moving in depends on the strength of previous relationships of residents, the relationship has changed due to the aging of residents. Also, the form of housing, the placement on the site, the relationship with the orientation affects the daily use of the co-assisted space. Furthermore, not only among residents but also families and acquaintances is supporting the lives of residents.

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With focusing on collective relocation sites in the stricken areas of the 2011 Tōhoku Earthquake, this study clarified the influences of the relocation from temporary housing to collective relocation site on the elderly, and explored the ways for preventing social isolation of the elderly. Based on the field research on collective relocation sites in Ofunato City, this study demonstrated that maintaining local community in relocation process from the temporary housing to the collective relocation site and utilization of the elderly support center are necessary for promoting exchanging relationships and preventing social isolation of the elderly in the collective relocation site.

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This study aims to develop a new operating model especially for a large-scale shelter in the aftermath of a severe earthquake. Through interviews with practical operators in the past, operation system needs to be considered depend on both refugees’ number and time series. It is difficult to set up to operate a large-scale shelter with more than 1,000 evacuees by mutual aid of local communities only. Under the designated manager’s applicable control, the organizations or specialist’s support of such a professional NPO are indispensable; which relationship between a local government and the organizations need to be built up in advance.

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Focusing on the Disaster Prevention Building Blocks (DPBB, BOUSAI-KENCHIKU-GAIKU), which were redevelopment projects constructed in nationwide cities between 1961-1977, this paper reveals their current situation and planning features based on our field survey targeting the Chubu region. DPBB that built in form of a row house along old roads can be evaluated as a resource for realization of downtown living in that they inherit the historical context, living space and neighborhood relationship of the city.

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Some declining cities in the Midwestern U.S. formulated the master plan for “right sizing”. Its strategy is to give vacant lands a spatial standard with preferable new “density” and transform lands to productive use or managed land. Two municipalities created flexible land use that can adjust the uncertainty of depopulation era. Although it is difficult to limit the habitation even in a low-density area, a standard for minimum site area may be useful to increase the area that can be managed.

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We believe it is possible to solve regional issues collectively by “Melting of Danchi-housing complex,” that is resolving the division between Danchi and surrounding area, though many Danchi today have various issues. In this research, we investigated the attributes of residents of Danchi and its surrounding area, and their needs for living environment. Then, we examined the spatial characteristics within the housing complex, the location of the base for strengthening the welfare function, and the way of regional management by reorganizing the network with the surrounding area, which contributes to the “Melting of Danchi”.

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Restoration of traditional town houses and historical streets and community development There are many excellent “Machiyas” built in Meiji from the end of Edo period at Ogawa Town shopping street, Uki city, Kumamoto pref. These “Machiyas” were affected by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. This paper is a record of recovery from the Kumamoto earthquake of a small town in a local city. In the first year from the earthquake, support was mainly given to each town house, and in the second year Karukaya party by volunteer Ogawamachi shopping district was established in June of 2017. Thinking about the vision, thinking what to do now, we started with moving first. It is ongoing.

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We repair a thatched roof house by ourselves that will lead the restoration of the roofing system in the local area. Many thatched roof houses encounter continuance difficulties despite the numbers of remains of them in Niikwa Tagomori area, Ukiha district, Fukuoka prefecture. We tried a set of action for repair a thatched roof house as nonprofessional roofers on one of the unoccupied houses. We verified a possibility of nonprofessional participation in the thatched roofing process after we documented the practice that we crafted roofing tools, procured roof materials, learned special skills following professionals’ advice and operated a workshop with inhabitants.

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Revealing “Danchi Power” in order to develop concrete proposals for danchi rejuvenation Using the concept “Danchi Power” to express the underlying potential of existing danchi, this research focused on examining two large-scale danchi complexes built in the Showa 40’s, Hanamigawa Danchi and Takatsu Danchi. Research activities included: ① students’ field surveys leading to discoveries and proposals; ② interviewing individuals and professionals regarding danchi; and ③ regularly held presentations and workshops. The comments and knowledge derived from these activities were developed into practical methodologies for addressing danchi rejuvenation in the age of declining birthrate and aging population.

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To form creative community and to build a management system for building heritages through the creation of artworks that expresses future scenario of the city. This project attempts to explore how to manage vacant houses in Arita-cho which is in difficult time as a pottery producing district, through the local players work on cultural and artistic activities with artists in a building heritage. Expressing the scenario of “Future Arita” with two artworks and embedding them in the urban space, we induced the discussion of local residents in city planning, leading to the movement of utilization of vacant houses by Public Private Partnership. The French philosopher, Elie During considers artworks indicating various possibilities of the future as “prototypes”. Here we embed artworks as prototypes representing future scenario of the city in urban space so as to forming creative community as well as building management system of vacant houses.

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Making parks a hub for community revitalization through community platform initiative With the extension of railways, many bed towns had been built along the railroad. In one such area, Miyamae-ku in Kawasaki City, the Machikado Marche (community market) was done eight times by a resident community platform in public spaces, mainly a park. The aim is to verify a new innovative way of park use to activate community groups and lead to a more inclusive community. We have acknowledged raised communication levels among participants, increased actor participation, collaboration with other sectors. We saw a possibility of a park becoming a social hub that unites various needs of various people.

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As for the unoccupied house utilization in the local city, “self-help” becomes the keyword as for the difference of the degree. For the present conditions of the unoccupied house which continues increasing, the aim of our study discover the value and charm of the unoccupied house, and change it into a plus evaluation from a negative image. Our study is the practice type study that investigated the evaluation point how you realize a figure of the space where you want to live in through an example. In the farming and mountain village of the local city about the unoccupied houses,“selfhelp” becomes the keyword as for the difference of the degree, from search for an emigration place and the house to a reform. This makes big help for rebuilding a living and the housing culture in the local area.

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