An image processing method on two back-lit images which were taken from directions at right angle each other has been developed to measure bubble interface configurations in tube bubbly flow. The position of the bubble in tube cross section cannot be measured when bubble diameter and the concentration increase and making no pairs of bubbles whose vertical position are the same in two images. This paper presents the result of calculation on limit of diameter and concentration for measurement with the image processing method.

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Kyokusui-no-en is a ceremony where a few poets siting alternately on the both banks of a garden-stream are expected to make poems during the limited time when drink-filled cups flow down.On finishing poem making, poets pick up cups to drink. This sort of ceremonious game has its origin in ancient China, and was introduced to Japan, where it prospered in 8th through 11th centuries.
In this paper, the flow of Kyokusui-no-en is studied from the view point of fluid mechanics. The actual flow was made clear using the visualization techniques, and the study was made on what method they used to create stagnation, generate vortices to make movement of wine cup elegant. Further more, this skillfully made flow was simulated using the finite element method, and the state of its flow is made clearer by comparing the simulation result with the flow visualization result.

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