The bubble flow often becomes a key phenomenon in diverse engineering aspects. However, bubble flows have not been clear yet. In this research, we reveal basic features of a simple air on bubble-jet flow in water quantitatively. Specifically speaking, we try to apply a three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (3D-PTV) to the bubble-jet flow, and to show velocity vectors of bubbles. Air bubbles are shed from a nozzle in a large water tank. The tilting-angle effect of the nozzle is investigated. As a result, the tilting-angle effect makes small bubbles less than 0.5[mm] rise outside the bubble-jet centre core.

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This paper aims to investigate a mechanism of microdroplet formation using "multicolor confocal micro particle image velocimetry (PIV)" technique. Our system can measure dynamical behavior of multiphase flow separately and simultaneously. It also enables to identify the interactions between solid and liquid or liquid and liquid.
We have applied this system to measure the water droplet formation at a micro T-shaped junction. We have also succeeded to disperse fluorescent tracer particles into both phases. The interaction between the internal flow of discontinuous water phase and of continuous oil phase are measured as a liquid-liquid multiphase flow. As a result, different flow characteristics are observed depending on the critical Capillary number.

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Microbubble drag reduction in Taylor-Couette flow system is investigated experimentally. We measured torque acting on rotating inner cylinder and evaluated the power gain of the drag reduction as function of Reynolds number from 600 to 4, 500. The results have shown that the gain increased up to 20 in the case that the bubble distribution organized by Taylor cell was altered from toroidal to spiral structures. This range coincided with the fact that the wavelength of the bubble-cluster spacing was elongated due to bubble-to-vortex interaction.

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The purpose of this paper is to experimentally investigate the motion characteristics of a single bubble rising in a thermal stratified layer. A Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) technique is used for estimating the velocities of the liquid phase and bubble. The capsules of thermo-sensitive liquid crystal (TLC) are used for measuring liquid temperature. The simultaneous measurements of temperature and velocity show that the Marangoni convection leads to an increase in the bubble rise velocity and its effect is roughly independent on the bubble diameter.

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This paper described about flow visualization of a gas-liquid two-phase flow in vertical channel with contraction. We have found that the pulsation for void fraction and pressure are occurred by the contraction. However, the mechanism of pulsation is not cleared. Therefore, we visualize the gas-liquid two-phase flow at contraction and the downstream region using high-speed camera system.

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In a human body, erythrocytes deform highly and can smoothly pass capillaries of which diameters are narrower than the cells'. Since capillaries connect all organs in a body, decrease in erythrocytes deformability causes several diseases. Therefore it is very important to evaluate the dynamic deformability of the erythrocyte at the microcirculation level. In this research, we produced a micro channel array with a 5pm×5pm square cross section of 100pm in length on the silicon substraight to simulate capillaries. After whole blood was centrifuged and erythrocytes were separated from plasma, the erythrocytes were diluted with autologous plasma by a hematocrit of 10%. This suspension was made to flow through the micro channels. Erythrocyte was observed using a high-speed video camera each day during preservation period. As a result, the time fluctuations of compressive strain of the RBCs agree with the theoretical curve of first-order lag element as a viscoelastic Kelvin model.

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In order to elucidate the effect of red blood cell (RBC) on blood flow at low Reynolds number, the paper aims to examine both distributions and velocity profiles of hardened RBCs in a micro channel varying experimental conditions such as shape and particle Reynolds number. We compare distributions and velocity profiles of both hardened RBCs and spherical particles in a micro channel using a micro PTV (particles tracking velocimetry) system. The micro PTV system consists of a fluorescent microscope equipped with a CMOS camera. Fluorescently-labeled hardened RBCs are suspended in saline within a 100μm square micro channel. In the paper, binarization method with dynamic threshold is applied since the intensity of labeled hardened RBC in the PTV images is too low to calculate the positions and velocities of RBCs. Both the flow velocity profiles and distributions of hardened RBCs are compared with those of the particles in order to clarify the effect of RBC biconcave shape.

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Detailed knowledge on the motions and interactions of individual blood cells flowing in microchannels is essential to provide a better understanding on the blood rheological properties and disorders in microvessels. This paper presents the ability of a confocal micro-PTV system to track red blood cells (RBCs) through a 100 μm circular glass microchannel. The technique consists of a spinning disk confocal microscope, high speed camera and a diode-pumped solid state (DPSS) laser combined with a single particle tracking (SPT) software (MtrackJ). Detailed measurements on the motions of RBCs were measured at different haematocrits (Hct). Our results show clearly that this technique can provide detailed information about microscale disturbance effects caused by the blood cells.
1) Goldsmith, H.: Red cell motions and wall interactions in tube flow, Federation Proceedings, Vol. 30, No.5 (1971) pp. 1578-1588.
2) Goldsmith, H. and Marlow J.: Flow behavior of erythrocytes. 11. Particles motions in concentrated suspensions of ghost cells, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 71, No. 2 (1979) pp. 383-407.
3) Lima, R., et al.: Confocal micro-PIV measurements of three dimensional profiles of cell suspension flow in a square microchannel, Meas. Sci. Tech., Vol. 17, (2006) pp. 797-808.
4) Lima, R., et al., In vitro confocal micro-PIV measurements of blood flow in a square microchannel: the effect of the haematocrit on instantaneous velocity profiles, J. Biomech., (in press).
5) Abramoff, M., et al.: Image processing with lmageJ, Biophotonics International, Vol. 11, No. 7 (2004) pp. 36-42.
6) Meijering, E., et al.: Tracking in Molecular Bioimaging, , IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, Vol 23. No. 3 (2006) pp. 46-53.

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We successfully developed the system which enabled to directly evaluate the red blood cells' (RBCs') deformability under the oscillatory quasi-Couette shear flow. The oscillatory quasi-Couette flow was generated in the RBCs' suspension fluid that was placed in the narrow gap of 30 micrometers between the two parallel glass plates, where the upper plate was forced to make a reciprocating motion by a slider-crank mechanism with respect to the stationary bottom plate. The human normal intact RBCs showed unique shape change response containing the abrupt elastic deformation phase and the delayed visco-elastic shape recovery phase to the sinusoidally changing shear stress. The system successfully detected the shear stress induced deterioration of RBCs' deformability, and also the deteriorated deformability of RBCs which were acquired from healthy adult volunteers comparing with those from the aged diabetes patients. The proposed system will possibly clarify the pathophysiological status of blood cells related to various cardiovascular or blood diseases.

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This review discusses the present knowledge on visualization and blood flow measuring of the organ micro-vascular network using intra-vital microscopy. There are demonstrable microscopic images of the mesentery, stomach, intestine, liver, kidney, ear lobe, skin, nail bed, conjunctiva, and hair follicle during the anesthesia or no anesthesia. Methods for measuring blood cell velocity in microvasculature are dual-slit method, dual video window method, laser-Doppler velocimetry and PIV(particle image velocimetry).

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Numerical method simulating blood flow was presented using combination of SPH and CIVA. In the method, we solved the plasma as continuous fluid by CIVA-based finite volume method and the red blood cell (RBC) as a particle by SPH method. The drag and lift forces were introduced here for considering interactions between particle and fluid. In order to confirm the validity of the method, we numerically analyzed a three-dimensional blood flow in blood vessel, and reproduced the axial migration of RBCs and formulation of plasma layer.

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In order to investigate the dynamical behavior of red blood cell (RBC) flowing through a stenosed artery, we built up a three dimensional model of an elastic RBC based on the minimum energy principle and carried out flow simulation of the multiple RBCs. The results showed that realistic behavior of RBC such as elongation and tank treading motion in the stenosed flow can be represented by the computer simulation.

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In the present study, an optical system-operated PIV technique was employed to obtain the time-wise variations of both the velocity-vector and vorticity distributions near an interference knot point inside a diamond-shaped cylinder bundle. In conclusion, the micro PIV measurements have for the first time disclosed the location and flow process characteristics of the interference kont point as the edge-tone source.

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Visualization of liquid flow that simulated the air flow in the air blast fuel nozzle was conducted. Enlarged transparent models of the fuel nozzle and refractive index matching were used to measure the internal flow of the nozzle. The flow studied here is swirling and highly three-dimensional. But the flow field was measured by two components PIV, so that the out-of-plane velocity component was lacked. To presume the out-of-plane velocity component, it was assumed that the flow field was symmetrical in every 90 degrees because the model was symmetrical in every 90 degrees. Three dimensional velocity field was calculated and useful data for developing fuel nozzle were obtained.

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We investigated tornado-like vortex induced by a fan similar to Rushton turbine placed under the top surface of a cylindrical water tank. Experiment was performed under the condition of vortex Reynolds number being 3800 and Swirl ratio being 0.45. The three-component velocity fields in two adjacent cross-sections of the tornado-like vortex were measured by dual-plane stereo-PIV. Single vortex column was formed in the center of the tank. Instantaneous axial component of velocity at the vortex center has been fluctuated in time significantly. Such a fluctuation of the velocity was observed since the traveling wave of velocity or vorticity has been passing through. Axial pressure gradient term of Navier-Stokes equation for the axial velocity component was found to be balanced with the convection term. Thus we conclude that the fluctuation of the axial velocity component at the center of vortex was caused by local axial pressure gradient induced by the vorticity wave traveling along the vortex.

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A scanning stereo particle image velocimetry system was applied to measure the three-dimensional distribution of three-component velocity in an axisymmetric impinging jet. The jet formed by a round nozzle with an exit diameter of D=5 mm impinges vertically on the flat plate that was located at 45D from the nozzle. The jet Reynolds number was set at Re _D ?? 1000 and a measurement region was set to contain the stagnation region. Appling Linear-Stochastic-Estimation to the measurement result, characteristic vortex structure in impinging region and time variations of that was estimated. It was confirmed that the structure was convected to streamwise direction with time passage through the vicinity of stagnation point, and was compressed axially and stretched to radial direction.

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This study aims to develop a PTV measurement method which is applicable to large spatial airflows, such as flows around windmill. Bubbles (soap bubbles) are considered as airflow tracer because of less environmental impact for the application in nature. The motion characteristics of the bubbles in high acceleration field are evaluated by comparing with ordinary smoke-based PIV. The size-dependent traceability of the bubbles for flows around an airfoil that involves separation in high attack angle is reported in this paper.

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The authors have developed an algorithm for the higher-order PIV analysis, which focuses on the correlation information defined in spatio-temporal field. In the previous paper, the authors proposed a higher-order algorithm by means of the accumulation of successive correlation maps, and it shows the advantage of multi-frame analysis. In this paper, alternative approach to the higher-order analysis using the differentiation of correlation maps is proposed. Present algorithm was developed based on the fact that the procedure obtaining the maximum point of cross correlation coefficients can be regarded as the differentials of two original distributions.

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The fuzzy logic algorithm has been introduced in the particle matching process of particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). Fuzzy models are proved to be efficient in handling, mathematically, the vagueness present in the real systems. The process of particle motion tracking is a good candidate for fuzzy control since the procedure is not clear cut, but involves some gray-zone decisions. In the present study, the authors have proposed the fuzzy system for particle tracking which is more reliable in a sense that certain decision support mechanism is implemented in advance.

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The setting parameters of the image enhancement times, the threshold level of the image binarization, and the size of the detecting area were investigated to confirm the accuracy of the four-time-step PTV. The particle density formed the peak distribution as a function of the threshold level of image binarization, and the peak decreased and flattened with the increase of the image enhancement times. Therefore, the wide valid selection of the threshold level of the image binarization and the preservation of high particle density were realized when the image sharpness times was set to be the upper limit of the adequate particle density for four-time-step PTV. Furthermore, as the tendency of the occurring ratio between the correct and error velocity suddenly changed with the variation of the size of detecting area of four-time-step PTV, the size of detecting area was set around that boarder to acquire the velocity field effectively.

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It has been pointed out that a huge amount of data which exceeds human ability of handling information is produced by next generation supercomputer, and method or methodology to extract useful information from such data should be considered. Several concepts of very large scale visualization are proposed in this situation. Most of them are based on high-performance computing techniques or highly-efficient devices for computer graphics. In this paper, a flexible visualization methodology based on software agents is introduced. A possibility that human-agent collaboration helps to reduce the difficulty of handling huge data is described.

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This paper reports on honeycomb color moire and its generating method. The honeycomb color moire is generated by overlapping a pattern of RGB color honeycomb with that of monochrome honeycomb, and it consists of a lot of isolated, large-scaled and different colored clouds of tiny hexagons in honeycomb pattern. The size of each cloud of hexagons is dependent on the size of an elemental hexagon and the crossing angle between the axes on the color and monochrome honeycomb patterns. It is also shown that the color honeycomb moire can be applied to hidden images or characters.

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In this paper, an experimental technique of stereo visualization and simultaneous shape measurement is introduced into the application of visualization in scientific art. This technique uses two parallel cameras placed side by side and an illumination of random dot patterns on the art object. The depth map obtained from the cross-correlation analysis is used for the generation of stereo anaglyph images successfully, which is applicable to the wide range of camera distances. Examples of stereo anaglyph images are shown for the application to scientific art, such as the monochrome plaster figure and the color flower.

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Various patterns emerge from crowd behaviors, for instance, march, vibration, straying and a swarm of mosquitoes. It has been considered that such a pattern is caused by some interaction between individuals forming the crowd. Reproduction of the pattern have been explored in many previous works. Patterns represent a static and a dynamic state. Both have a certain kind of beauty, so that they are used for the particular motif of a picture or industrial design. In this paper, we try to reproduce the patterns using a network structure assumed to exist behind crowd behavior.

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We consider a process to create the scientific art using visualized results of a compu-ter simulation regarded as materials of the art works. Artists' subjectivity (experience and knowledge) influences the process, which includes interactions between the artists and their expression. For example, in the case of the artists have much knowledge in the aspect of physics or mathematics, the resultant images often give a serious impression to audience. In this paper, we propose a new methodology for creating a new scientific art by means of applying attention point analysis to an image processing.

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Elements, "Love", "Hatred" and"Death" in "Romeo and Juliet" written by William Shakespeare were examined by the discrete wavelets multi-resolution analysis. As a result, it is shown how the "Hatred" of the fighting two families changed to reconciliation through"Love""and""Death"of lovers. The wavelet analysis was visualized the"Love"and"Death"of the love story's of Romeo and Juliet and"Hatred"of hostility families. Further, it is clarified that"Hatred"of both families influences not only love but also fate of the hero and the heroin. On the other hand"Hatred"leads an opportunity of switch"Love"in the first half to"Death"in the latter half.

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We try to perform a nonverbal mapping between musical note and colours in paintings. The mapping order has been determined by Zipf's Law. We obtain the histogram of the musical notes and paintings color and map the ranking between these two information. In order to map these two histogram we use Erath Mover's Distance to search the most similar pairs of music and painting.

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In order to study the characteristics of the classic oil painting and to analyse the complex layering structure, we applied the Spatially Variant BRDF (SVBRDF) to get the data under different lighting angle.

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Using a shift-tilt lens, we can convert real scene pictures and make them appear as if they were miniature. We can also get same additional effect by using image processing (blur effect). For still images, this miniature effect can be obtained. However for movies, we need another image processing technique. These actual techniques are described in this paper

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River water surface profile changes easily subject to various factors such as natural conditions or river structures. Even without the influence of wind, water surface begins to show complicated surface profile with ripples as the increase of water level or surface velocity. In the application of surface flow measurement by PIV, such surface profile is considered to be convected with the surface velocity in flood flow condition. However, the criterion for using surface profile as surface flow measurement is unavailable. In this study, by using the river surface images recorded from a CCTV camera for several weeks, we found that surface profile patterns change in the space-time image when the water level rises to a certain level.

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The 1/f fluctuation is rhythm which exists mainly in the natural world, and is said that it has a healing effect. In this study, it made clear that the component of 1/f fluctuation is included in some kind of image by analyzing the frequency characteristics of the time-history data of light and shade value of the image which was obtained from the video images of the natural world of shaking of leaf of tree and stream flow etc. In addition, by analyzing the frequency characteristic of the shaking of coordinate value of the point of the leaf of the tree, in comparison with the result of light and shade value, it was found that the quality of better 1/f fluctuation is shown.

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Homogeneous distribution of concentration is an important theme in solid air two-phase flow of chemical industry. Particles heterogeneous distribution it influence the quality of a product. However, the analysis is difficult because data are enormous as for the imaging. Therefore the image from capacitance CT analyzed by image vectrization in this study.

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This paper describes the state of the art in the application of visualization techniche in the field of scientific arts, which cover wide academic interests, such as art, social science, education, archaeology, literature and so on. The special attention is placed on the recent publications of scientific arts in Journal of Visualization, and a few examples are described. These visualization examples provide a unique category in the recent development of visualization research.

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In this study, water surface fluctuations along the lateral direction of an open-channel flow were examined by using the multi-resolution approximation (MRA) and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The water surface fluctuations were measured by supersonic wave displacement sensors. In the experimental conditions, we kept the Reynolds number a constant, and systematically changed the Froude number from sub-critical flows to supercritical ones to examine differences in the water surface fluctuation characteristics with respect to the Froude number. The measurement time-series of the water surface fluctuations showed that there precisely existed high and low frequency signals. In the MRA and POD analysis of the fluctuations, it turned out that the predominant mode of the water surface fluctuations along the lateral direction was approximated to a constant spatial distribution. Therefore, the predominant surface fluctuation seemed to propagate two-dimensionally in the longitudinal direction.

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The jet issuing from two parallel pipes is encountered in various cases in industry. This jet flow was visualized by the LIF method. Moreover, the flow image obtained from flow visualization was decomposed into multi-scale, by using the wavelet multi-resolution analysis. As a result, it has been found from the result of flow visualization that the spread of the jet becomes large with the increase of the pulsating frequency. And in cases of the frequency from 3 to 4 Hz, it is recognized clearly that the clusters spout out from pipes. Furthermore, it has been also clarified that a large scale structure breaks into a small one, by adding the pulsation and with the increase of the pulsating frequency.

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It is well known that frequency analysis of the time fluctuation component of turbulent flow leads to the time domain frequency characteristics and visualizes the turbulent structures. The purpose of this study is to extract the 1/f fluctuation characteristics of turbulent structures by frequency analysis of PIV data of cylinder wake. As a result, the frequency distribution of turbulent wake is visualized, and the 1/f fluctuation characteristics of wake are found in the shear layer.

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The multi-scale vortical structures around externally mounted vehicle mirror was experimentally investigated in this paper. The flow structures of the mirror wake were first measured using PIV technique by varying Reynolds numbers. Then the turbulent structures were decomposed into the multi-scale structures by the wavelet multi-resolution technique, and the distribution of multi-scale Reynolds stresses was examined. It was found that the large-scale structures appear in the edge portions of the mirror. The small-scale structures, however, distribute in the all flow fields. The maximum values of Reynolds stresses appear in the separated shear layers.

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This paper studies nonlinear phenomena caused by ferromagnetic materials. To represent nonlinear properties of ferromagnetic materials used in the electrical transformer, we employ a Chua-type magnetization model. By the backward Euler method with automatic modification, the transient analysis of this initial value problem is carried out. As a result, it is clarified that ferroresonance phenomenon could be observe only primary current in transformer.

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To visualize the electromagnetic fields, we have previously proposed a semi-analytical method, which has made it possible to simulate the complex electromagnetic field distributions not obtain by the conventional numerical schemes, such as finite elements and boundary elements means. Distinguished superior point of our semi-analytical method is that our semi-analytical method is only one way solving for the electromagnetic field, conducting and displacement currents simultaneously.
In this paper, we propose a new semi-analytical approach to visualize the eddy current distribution in a two-dimensional plate, Successful result of this computation promises that eddy current testing may be carried out taking into account the displacement current, i.e., capacitive, effects.

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The Bitter method is most commonly observing way of the magnetic domains situation even though it is possible to observe only the surface of specimen. Applying magnetic field to this magnetic material covered by magnetic fluid makes it possible to observe the magnetic domain dynamics by a microscope. This paper reveals that the parts exhibiting 1/f fluctuation frequency characteristic give high the iron loss while not exhibiting 1/f fluctuation parts, i.e. containing much silicon, give low iron loss. Thus, it is revealed that the mixture rate of iron and silicon determines the optimal silicon steel composing most of the electrical machines.

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Electrical capacitor is one of the most. popular and widely used electric circuit elements storing electric field energy. Due to its mechanical structure, electric field distribution could not uniform at the edges of electrode plates constructing the capacitor. This field distortion is so called edge effect.
Principal purpose of this paper is to minimize the edge effect, so that it enables us to optimize the shape of electrodes leading to the maximum capacitance but minimum size. To realize this purpose, it is essential to compute the electric fields around capacitor exactly.
The electric fields around the capacitor theoretically distribute to an infinitely long distance point. In order to take into account this electric field nature rigorously, in this paper, we employ the strategic dual image (SDI) method along with conventional first order triangular finite element method.

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Multi-Resolution Analysis: MRA based on the mother wavelet function with which support length differs from the image of the automobile rear under run is performed, and the run characteristic of a car is searched for. Speed, deflection, etc. are analyzed and the method of detecting vehicles with high accident danger is proposed. The experimental results show that vehicles in a dangerous action can be detected by the proposed method.

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The principal purpose of this paper is to develop and establish a methodology of 1/f fluctuation analysis in art therapy. As an initial example, we applied our methodology to several images drawn by the maladjusted person in a state of excessive adjustment. As a result, we succeeded in extracting and visualizing the l/f components. Thus, it is revealed our methodology proposed here has turned out to be very promising one.

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In order to realize the reliable inspecting systems, many infrared image sensors are utilized because of their high visual capability not depending on the human visible light condition. Recently, nuclear electric power plant is increasing its usefulness not warm up entire earth system accompanying with human life activity. We are now planning to enhance the infrared inspecting system to carry out the condition based maintenance methodology for nuclear electric power plant. At first, this paper clarifies a relationship between the pixel values constructing infrared image and absolute temperature even though automatic gain control function equipped in infrared CCD camera is activating to get the highest contrast image. Second we demonstrate the absolute temperature visualization, which is the most important inspecting factor in the nuclear power plant, on the bended iron sheet.

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The paper proposes one of the methods of dynamic infrared image cognition based on the Fourier cosinusoidal transform of dynamic images. Previously, we have proposed a method of cognizing the color dynamic images based on Fourier cosinusoidal transform. In the present paper, we apply our previously proposed method to the infrared dynamic images in order to identify the behavior of each of the persons without any lighting condition. As a result, it is revealed that a fairly good cognition rate over 90% could be obtained.

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Principal purpose of this paper is to extract the 1/f fluctuation component from a sequential paint works by famous artist Vincent van Gogh. Each of the Red, Green and Blue component intensities is extracted in terms of intensity histogram from each of pictures. These Red, Green and Blue components histograms are called RGB Eigen patterns. After arranging the RGB Eigen patters in time sequentially, we apply Discrete Fourier transform to them. Thus, obtained Fourier spectrum characteristics are represented in terms of power series approximation. As a result, we have succeeded in extracting the 1/f frequency fluctuation from the Vincent van Gogh's works.

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Three elements "Will", "Fact" and "Judgment" in speech of the Japan-U.S. leaders were examined by the discrete wavelets multi-resolution analysis. As a result, it has been clarified that both curves of "Will" shows the similar tendency and these of "Judgment" shows the different tendency. In Policy Speech, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe tends to show his leadership as a new leader by expressing his "Will" and "Judgment". On the other hand, in State of the Union Address, President George Walker Bush emphasizes his agreements of legitimacy and demands an agreement of the present policy by quoting "Fact" repeatedly as the president accomplishing on second term.

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With the widely spreading use of modern personal computer, modern language studies are usually carried out by means of the personal computers. In this paper, we try to statistical analyze the elements of feeling: "Life", "Death", "Joy" and "Sorrow" in "The Love Suicide at Sonesaki" written by Chikamatsu Monzaemon along with comparison our approach with the previous studies. As a result, it is clarified that there is deep attachment to "Life" in situation for "Death". Further, it is suggested that regardless of large quantity in total, "Sorrow" coincides on few quantity of "Joy" in number, in the first and the last paragraphs. As a whole, the same tendency of conventional views is observed but our approach gives the views in much more details. Thus, our approach makes it possible to extract the detailed characteristic of story compared with those of conventional one.

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The liquid crystal thermometry combined with PIV is useful for the simultaneous measurement of temperature and velocity. In these days, the enhancing of spatial resolution requires still higher speed to this measurement method, while the complicating of experimental situation also requires still robuster accuracy. This study suggests some new analytical methods for the liquid crystal thermometry.

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Under the microgravity environment, production of new and high quality material is expected. Large droplet is preferable for such a containerless processing under the microgravity environment. However, effect of surface instability and internal flow become remarkable when the droplet becomes large. Elucidation of internal flow and surface instability on a levitated droplet is required for the quality improvement of new material under the microgravity environment. The objective of the present study is to clarify the critical condition of the occurrence of internal flow and surface instability.
At the first, multidimensional visual measurement is conducted to investigate the internal flow structure in a levitated droplet. It was suggested that complex flow with the vortex in the levitated droplet is generated.
Finally, the stereo imagery for performing 3-D PIV is acquired. The possibility of 3-D PIV to levitated droplet was examined.

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