Abstracts of Annual Congress of The Japan Society of Home Economics

The aim of this study is to clarify the family changes in rural area in Japan over 32-years. The data were based on the panel studies conducted in 1982, 1993, 2005 and 2014, respectively, in Okabe-cho, Shizuoka Prefecture, which is located in central part of Japan. The participants were 439 married women, aged between 30 and 59, who were interviewed in the first survey (as of 1982). 280 of them were surveyed in the second, third and fourth studies.
In the 1982 survey 70.7% of the households were extended families - either three-generation or four-generation households. Over 32 years, a majority of households were composed of three generations. After deaths of parents, marriage of children and births of grandchildren, their composition shifted from “parents, subjects and their children” to “subjects, their children and grandchildren”. 84.2% of these households had their sons co-residing with the subjects. Over 40% of the surveyed households experienced an alternation of generations; 94.3% of them formed stem families. Households in this region
maintain the stem family system. In 2014 survey, however, decrease in stem families exceeded formation of new ones due to the severe difficulties in marriage and the increase in children leaving the district.

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Purpose: The object is to clarify the problems in the management at the early stage of recovering the damage condominiums caused by the Kumamoto earthquake.
Method of survey: For the president of the management association of all the condominiums in Kumamoto City, "disaster consultation" was supported by the non-profit organization Kumamoto prefecture condominium management association on May 14th & 15th 2016, jointly organized by the Japan Condominium Management Associations, the Japan Mansion Association, the Apartment Problem Study Group, the Association Planning and Repair Construction Association. I also participated for 2 days as a counselor.
Result of the survey: The counselor received 176 consultation votes, and 380 participants. The number of management associations is 103 unions. At the afflicted condominium consultation, it became clear that at the time, Kumamoto City has not accepted the application for accident certification of the assignment.There was much consultation such as how to do. Speaking from the earthquake disaster reconstruction, the time immediately after the occurrence has passed, the "emergency risk determination" is judged by an architect dispatched from the municipality and it is a judgment of the degree of the damage and whether or not it is necessary to restore, It was in a state of waiting for an application for 'judgment of the damage level' necessary for submitting.

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Background
In the 1970s, Kawakami primary school, which was located in northern part of Kyoto, was known for pioneering education practice. The practice treated the region community as the object of learning and realized high quality education through cooperation with the people living in the Kawakami area. Furthermore, the Kawakami primary school lunch food education was positioned as part of the education practice and it almost completely achieved the goals of the Japanese food and nutrition education promotive action policy, which was announced in 2016. Although the lunch food education practice at Kawakami primary school was known as a great practice, it remains unknown why the practice was started and how they continued it.
Objective
To research the history of the Kawakami school lunch food education practice and obtain an important perspective for continuing the practice.
Methods
The study was conducted using face to face interview and a review of the literature. On October 24, 2016, we conducted face to face interviews with 3 participants who had worked at Kawakami primary school in the 1970s as a vice principal, a teacher and a cook.
Results
The history of the Kawakami primary school lunch from 1939 to 1980 was divided into three periods: 1) the “Only soup school lunch meal” period, which started in 1939, 2) the “Rice in a lunch box with a side dish that was cooked in school” period, which started in 1960, and 3) the “Rice cooked in school as a staple food and a complete school lunch” period, which started in 1976. The famous food education practice was started after the third period and continued for about 10 years. Two facts are considered to have been critically important for the Kawakami primary school food education practice. One is the Kawakami research, which was conducted in 1970 by residents of Kawakami area and included Kawakami school teachers, in order to clarify their own lifestyle reality. The research revealed their common issues and they shared the necessity of the practice. Furthermore, they deepened the cooperative relationship between the school teachers and the residents of the Kawakami area through the movement and resolution of issues. The other one is the participation of the cook in the educational activities, which was stated in the Kawakami primary school educational policy issued in 1975. According to this policy, the school lunch was clearly positioned as part of school education. Therefore, the operative issues of the practice were shared continuously with each other in the Kawakami primary school.

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