This study considers the relationship between education, industry, and military under the total war system, examining aviation technical schools that supplied engineers for the military industry.
In the late 1930s, companies suffering from human resources shortages set out to establish aviation industrial schools. In Osaka, a company requested human resources through the organization in which various actors participated. In Nagoya, however, other companies lobbied the government directly, pointing out the questionably cozy relationship between companies and schools. However, the military industry remained unopposed and the council and media continued to approve the establishment of the schools for such institutions.
In 1943, “Emergency Wartime Measures Concerning Education” led to the conversion of several commercial schools to aviation technical schools. The “single subject principle” or the “single function principle” was emphasized as the ideal method of conversion, and Shizuoka Kosei Aviation Technical School and others followed suit. However, the conversion differed from actor to actor, and there were proposals to establish industrial schools other than technical schools. The military industry, faced with this dilemma, expanded its pipeline of schools.
Although aviation technical schools were abolished after the war’s end, the system surrounding it did not disappear. This is because the military industry had the potential to expand on its own and absorb the human resources it needed from schools. This study is merely the beginning of a historical examination of such an invisible system.
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