A method testing the activity of dimethylsulfoxide reductase of bacteria was described. Distribution of the enzyme within several groups of Entero-bacteriaceae was investigated. All Shigella strains were negative, whereas all Escherichia coli and Escherichia freundii strains were positive. Of four Proteus groups, only Proteus morganii showed negative reaction and other three Proteus species positive. Several strains of Salmonella were also tested and all of them were negative with the exception of Salmonella paratyphi B.

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The antigenic structures of five species of the genus Hansenula were established by means of antigen analyses.
1) H. anomala, H. javanica and H. schneggii have identically the thermostable antigens 1, 2, 14, 15, 16 and 20, but no thermolabile antigen. The antigenic structures of these species are exactly the same as those of C. pelliculosa.
2) H. saturnus and H. odessa have the thermostable antigens 1, 2, 14, 15, 16, 20 and 21, but no thermolabile antigen.

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1) The action of 36 (β-chloroethyl) amine derivatives on various animal viruses was studied.
2) Benzyl-bis-(β-chloroethyl) amine and its N-oxide are most effective in inactivating fixed rabies virus and vaccinia virus. Tris-(β-chloroethyl) amine is also effective against influenza virus.
3) The mechanism of the antiviral activity of these compounds appears to be prophylactic.

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The two strains isolated from the skin and brain lesions of a nine year old girl who died of chromoblastomycosis were both identified as Hormodendrum pedrosoi, and were identical with each other in their morphological properties and pathogenicity in experimental animals. Thus, it was confirmed that this was a rare case of the deep-seated type of chromoblastomycosis caused by Hormodendrum pedrosoi.

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1) A method for the fractionation and concentration of the pertussal thermolabile toxin, nontoxic protein, agglutinogen, and polysaccharide from the bacterial cells cultured in the casamino acids liquid medium containing 0.5% charcoal was described.
2) The thermolabile toxin obtained in this experiment appeared to be a simple protein.
3) In comparative tests of the prophylactic potency of each antigen by the mouse protection test, that of the agglutinogen and polysaccharide was undetectable, the toxic fraction was more efficient than the nontoxic protein components.
4) It was impossible to differentiate the toxin and the protective antigen by mild chemical procedure at low temperature.

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1) The respiration of Micrococcus citreus was markedly accelerated by all of the citric acid cycle intermediates tested, that of M. pyogenes var. albus was accelerated by those except citrate, while that of M. pyogenes var. aureus (Terashima) was little accelerated by all of these intermediates.
2) All species of micrococci tested showed a high oxidative activity to glutamate, aspartate and alanine, particularly to glutamate and alanine.
3) All of the following combinations accelerated the oxygen consumption of M. pyogenes var. aureus (Terashima) markedly; glutamate and glucose, glutamate and lactate, and glutamate and pyruvate. The combinations of glutamate and acetate or malate, and of aspartate and pyruvate also showed this effect to some extent.

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Most of anion exchange resins could support the growth of Phase I Haemophilus pertussis instead of active carbon. The partial or complete destruction of ion exchange capacity resulted in reduction or failure of growth. The anion exchange resin having more cross linking divinyl benezene had a greater effect on the growth.

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1) The oncolytic activity of the ED virus against Ehrlich carcinoma cells was destroyed after heat inactivation at 56°C for 30 minutes or irradiation with ultraviolet rays. By this procedure, hemagglutinin and complement fixing antigen of the ED virus remained intact but egg infective activity of the virus was lost completely.
2) Specific antiserum also suppressed the oncolytic activity of the virus after mixed with the virus in vitro for 30 minutes at room temperature. Antiserum injected 30 minutes after virus injection in mice could not suppress the oncolytic activity to the same extent. Active immunization with the virus also inhibited the oncolytic activity of the virus.
3) The complement fixing antigen of the ED virus increased during the process of actual viral oncolysis. We could not recognize any increase in the titre of hemagglutinin nor egg infectivity of the virus throughout the process of viral oncolysis.
4) The yield of CFA in Ehrlich carcinoma cells was much greater than that of the total inoculum and proportional to the amount of seed when the inoculum size was small. When the inoculum size was large enough to presumably involve all the tumor cells, the CFA yield reached its upper limit.
5) Quantitatively, some problems concerning viral oncolysis in individual animal and individual cell have been discussed. The formation of CFA may be an indispensable factor for the phenomenon of viral oncolysis in this system.

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1. The administration of nitrogen mustard and benzene induced marked leucopenia in rabbits in which the local lesions caused by vaccinia virus were suppressed in the early stage and later showed the increment and retardation of inflammation compared to those of control rabbits.
2. The infectivity of 100 MID vaccinia virus was completely inactivated when mixed with nitrogen mustard in doses as low as 25μg.
3. In the rabbits treated with benzene prior to the viral infection, hyperplasia and degeneration of epidermal cells, nest-like degenerating foci in the connective tissue, and the absence of leucocytic infiltration characterized the skin lesions. These histological changes in rabbits appear to closely resemble those found in the infected fertile egg membranes.
4. The amount of virus in the injected skin sites of rabbits treated with benzene was almost same as that in control rabbits and remained constant for a longer period, while in control rabbits it diminished in 72 to 96 hours after the inoculation of virus.
5. The formation of hemagglutination inhibiting antibody was markedly inhibited by treatment of rabbits with benzol prior to the inoculation of virus.

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The genetic difference between streptomycin-"indifference", the high and full resistance developed in a single step, and streptomycin-"resistance" in a narrow sense, the resistance developed by multiple steps, has been shown by recombination techniques using Escherichia coli strain-12. When "indifferent" cells were crossed with sensitive cells, the progeny showed ether sensitiveness or "indifference", no progeny being found at all which had intermediate degrees of resistance. On the other hand, when "resistant" cells were crossed with sensitive cells, the progeny showed various degrees of intermediate resistance which the parent resistant cells used to have in the course of acquiring their final resistances. These results seem to indicate the single gene origin of streptomycin "indifference" and the polygenic origin of streptomycin-"resistance."

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1. A new virus from the pseudocholera infantum patients was successfully isolated and fixed to the mouse. Cultivation in fertile chicken eggs also serves the same purpose.
2. The fixed virus obtained is not neutralized by the serum of patients immediately after the onset of the disease. But following the course of illness, neutralization increases gradually. The same tendency is observed also in the complement fixation test conducted with the sera of both patients and their mothers and the antigen from the fixed virus. Under these circumstances, the production of antibody which responds to this virus is recognized earlier in the mothers than in the infants. This fact seems to suggest the occurrence of inapparent infection of this disease in adults.

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