The Natural Environmental Science Research

Systematic studies of Asian Aconitum (Ranunculaceae) II

Notes on Aconitum heterophyllum WALL. ex ROYLE and A. kashmiricum STAPF ex COVENTRY from the Western Himalayas

Yuichi KADOTA

1997 Volume 10 Pages 1-9
Published: December 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.32280/nesr.10.0_1

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Aconitum heterophyllum WALL. ex ROYLE and A. kashmiricum STAPF ex COVENTRY are taxonomicaly studied based on herbarium examination. Aconitum heterophyllum is extraordinarily variable in gross morphology. An alpine form of A. heterophyllum is short and few-flowered，and is closely similar to A. kashmiricum. Hence A. kashmiricum has been frequently confused with the alpine form of A. heterophyllum. However, the alpine form of A. heterophyllum and A. kashmiricum significantly differ in nectary spur shape: capitate and situated on the top of erect blades in A. heterophyllum，while knot-shaped and situated behind the blades in A. kashmiricum. Synonymy and re-description of both species are given in this paper. The lectotypification of A. kashmiricum was previously made, however, the outcome was contradictory to the ICBN. Here the lectotypification of A. kashmiricum is made again.

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Cervid fossil from the Lower Pleistocene of Hirayama Formation in Akishima City, Tokyo.

Yuji TAKAKUWA

1997 Volume 10 Pages 11-15
Published: December 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.32280/nesr.10.0_11

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Tokyo. Some vertebrate fossils, Cetacea, Cervidae, and Proboscidea (Stegodon sp.) have been found in this area.
The fossil described in this paper was a left metacarpal. This is the fourth report of cervid fossils from Hirayama Formation, and the first report of postcranial bone. The bone was almost intact and subjected to little weathering. The bone had the “Cannon bone” shape, and was medium in size. The proximal epiphysis was triangular in shape with facets meeting posteriorly. The fossil was largert han recent subgenus Sika, and almost same as or larger than extinct subgenus Nipponicervus. Recent genus Elaphurus and extinct subgenus Axis in Japan were larger than the fossil. These characteristics and the size of the bone suggested this fossil belongs to Cervus sp. However, there were no features which alowed it to be further identified into cervid subgenus and species.

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Dynamics of the Senbon-matsubara Coastal Forest in Numazu City, Central Japan II.

Conservation of the Senbon-matsubara Coastal Forest

Fumihiro KONTA, Tadao ITO, Hajime NISHIKAWA

1997 Volume 10 Pages 17-30
Published: December 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.32280/nesr.10.0_17

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Our proposal to conserve the Senbon-matsubara coastal forest in Numazu City, in central Japan, is based on our successive vegetational and environmental studies from 1991 through 1996. The Senbon-matsubara coastal forest stretches about 10 km from east to west as a line along the Suruga Bay coast, and has the area of 90 ha. The forest is mainly composed of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii), which have been repeatedly planted over 400 years. Dense stands of the pine have protected farms and villages against natural desasters of tidal waves and/or strong sea breezes. It was, however, suggested recently that old pine trees in this forest are declining and the structure of this forest is likely to change from a pure pine forest to one of broad-leaved evergreen by invasion of many evergreen and deciduous trees. Our plan to conserve the forest includes cutting most of the broad-leaved trees invading into the pine forest and also maintaining some communities of maritime woody plants such as Pittosporum tobira, Cinnamomum japonicum, Daphniphyllum teijsmannii, Ilex integra, Rhus succedanea etc.

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Karyotypic variation in a Heterotropa hexaloba population

Akinori UCHINO, Masao HAMAMURA

1997 Volume 10 Pages 31-34
Published: December 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.32280/nesr.10.0_31

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Three kinds of karyotype, A, B, and C, were found in apopulation of Heterotropa hexaloba F. MAEKAWA. The karyotype A was composed of 11 pairs of metacentric chromosomes (Nos. 1 - 11) and a pair of small submetacentric SAT-chromosomes (No. 12). The karyotype B differedfrom the karyotype A in the presence of a heterozygous intercalary satellite on the long arm of chromosome 8. The karyotype C was different from karyotype A with respect to a heterozygous pair of chromosome 2 composed of metacentric and subtelocentric chromosomes. Karyotype A was the most frequent in the population and must be a standard type. Plants with karyotype A were randomly found, but those with karyotypes B and C were growing in a limited part of the mapping area. The distribution patterns of different karyotypes might be explained by self-pollination and ant seed-dispersal.

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Diatoms from Akan-ko (Lake Akan) in Hokkaido, Japan. 5. Raphid diatoms: Aneumastus，Craticula，Diatomella，Diploneis，Frustulia，Gyrosigma，Luticola，Neidium，Sellaphora，Stauroneis

Ayako KAWASHIMA, Shigeki MAYAMA

1997 Volume 10 Pages 35-52
Published: December 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.32280/nesr.10.0_35

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In this paper, a continuation of four previous papers, 28 taxa belonging to the genera Aneumastus, Craticula, Diatomella, Diploneis, Frustulia, Gyrosigma, Luticola, Neidium, Sellaphora and Stauroneis are reported with light and scanning electron microscope photographs. Some comments are made mostly on the taxonomy and morphology of each taxon.

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On the larva of Oedemera lucidicollis MOTSCHULSKY (Coleoptera: Oedemeridae)

Nodoka HAYASHI

1997 Volume 10 Pages 53-56
Published: December 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.32280/nesr.10.0_53

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The larval form of Oedemera lucidicollis MOTCHULSKY, 1866 belonging to the Oedemerini is described and illustrated in detail. The larvae of this species occur in the rotten stems of the relatively large true grasses including Miscanthus sinensis. The known Oedemera larvae possess the following characteristics in common: Head-capsule not widened posteriorly; occipital foramen located on ventral surface; stemmata with 2 spots on each side. Antenna with 1st segment nearly as long as wide; sensory appendage longer than the 3rd. Ligula not projecting. Abdominal segments without asperity-bearing ampullae; urogomphi absent; 10th segment well-developed. Thoracic and abdominal spiracles usually with a single air tube.

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Bryophytes of Nishitanzawa, Kanagawa, Japan, 1. Mosses

Teruyo HIRAOKA, Sumiko ISONO, Kimiko IWAKATA

1997 Volume 10 Pages 57-84
Published: December 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.32280/nesr.10.0_57

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On the bases of about 3,000 specimens collected from Nishitanzawa, west of Kanagawa, 235 species are recorded. Taxa of phytogeographic interest include Polytrichum piliferum, Fissidens plagiochiloides, Amphidium mougeotii, Eumyurium sinicum, and Ctenidium pinnatum.

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Short-eared owl (Asio flammeus)

Morio URANO, Susumu OSAWA

1997 Volume 10 Pages 85-86
Published: December 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.32280/nesr.10.0_85

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The predatory behavior of a short-eared owl(Asio fiammeus) is shown with a series of photographs and short explanations.

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Application of ethology to research on wild mammals

Keiko ODAGIRI

1997 Volume 10 Pages 87-90
Published: December 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.32280/nesr.10.0_87

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Ethology has been taken seriously in Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine. These studies have been applied to various aspects relating to human-animal interaction. In Japan, we have many previous reports on Behavioral Science of Domestic Animals in Applied Ethology. In future, Applied Ethology will make an important contribution to conservation, artificial breeding and management of wild mammals.

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Forests and mammals in Brunei

Shigeki YASUMA

1997 Volume 10 Pages 91-95
Published: December 10, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2024

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.32280/nesr.10.0_91

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Various forest types in Brunei and mammals inhabiting each of the forests were reported along with photographs

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