In tha present work, it has been attempted to identify the unstable structural units in poly (dially] phthalate) (PDAP) capable of initiating the polymerization of DAP monomer at elevated temperatures. Thus, by considering the following three facts : i) the initiation capability of PDAPs depends largely on their preparation conditions, ii) poly (allyl propyl phthalate) (PAPP), the monomer of which (APP) corresponds to the mono-ene counterpart of DAP monomer, shows a high polymerizationinitiation-activity, and iii) on the IR spectrum of the highly active PADP, the characteristic absorption is clearly detected at 1760cm^-1, the structural unit 1 which is introduced into the polymer chain end via the reaction shown below, is presumed as the initiation species of PDAP and PAPP.

In addition, the synthesis of the model compounds corresponding to the structural unit 1 was attempted by the reaction of phthaloyl chloride with 1, 2-ethanediol or 1, 2-propanediol. Although the isolation of the model compounds was unsuccessful, the crude products obtained were quite capable of initiating the polymerization of DAP monomer at elevated temperatures.

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The total energies of the cation models of mono-, di-, tri, and tetramethylolmelamines (1 MM, 2 MM, 3 MM, and 4 MM) were calculated to determine the most stable model for each homologue by the CNDO/2 and extended HMO methods.
On the other hand, the transition energies, wavelengths, and oscillator strengths of the most stable cation models of 1 MM, 2 MM, 3 MM, and 4 MM were calculated to obtain the simulation diagrams of their UV spectra by the CNDO/CI method. The maximum wavelength of the absorption curve synthesized from these calculated spectroscopic data changes linearly against the number of methylol group. The above calculated result is in good agreement with the observed behavior of the maximum wavelength of the absorption bands of MM in HCl aqueous solution against the number of methylol group.

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Waste water from the phenolic resin manufacturing process contains valuable components such as phenol, formaldehyde and methanol.
It has been expected to recover these valuable components and at the same time to reduce COD of the waste water. The methods described herein, show excellent performance for this purpose. Phenol, one of the main components in the waste water, is first removed by the adsorption with ion exchange resin having pyridine groups as the functional group (The total ion exchange capacity of the resin is about 320-480g-phenol/1-resin and phenol concentration in the waste water is reduced from 3-7 % to 1-30 ppm).
The adsorbed phenol is easily eluted from the resin by methanol, so that the maximum phenol concentration of the eluted solution is about 45-50%.
Phenol and methanol are recoverd by distillation from the eluted solution. As the purity of the recovered phenol is 99.9%, it is pure enough to be used as the raw material in the phenolic resin manufacturing process, and methanol is recycled as the elutant.
It is difficult to recover formaldehyde economically contained usually in the waste water, but it can be easily decomposed by Canizzaro reaction to methanol and sodium formate when treated with sodium hydroxide and preferably with a catalyst.
Methanol, another main component in the waste water and the reaction product of Cannizzaro reaction, is easily recovered by distillation. The purity of the recovered methanol is about 98%. After the treatment by this process, COD of the waste waste water is reduced from 90,000-190,000ppm to 3,000-10,000ppm.

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BT Resin is an additional polymerization type heat resistant thermosetting resin, developed by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company in 1974. It is produced through thermal polymerization of Triazine resin, which was developed by Bayer AG of West Germany, with bismaleimide. BT Resin, having imide rings in its molecule, falls under the category of polyimide resin. In addition to its high heat and abrasion resistance, good electrical properties, such as low dielectric constant and migration resistance, this resin is also excellent in moldability, workability, reactivity and low toxicity, making it a unique high performance material of highly practical nature. With its attractive characteristics highly evaluated among users of the resin at home and abroad, BT Resin now finds a wide range of applications in the making of printed circuits for electronic equipments, structural material for aircrafts, insulation material for heavy electric equipments, powder coating, molding material, protective coating material for electronics parts, etc. This paper outlines the reactivity of the cyanate groups of BT Resin as a functional material, process for the manufacture of the resin, performance and properties of the resin and current development of its applications.

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First the article of E. G. E. Hawkins (1956) on the degradation of novolak resins is introduced. His experiment involved the following complicated steps : bromination, methylation of the phenolic groups, oxydation to oxybenzophenones, cleavage of the benzophenones to bromoacids and bromoanisoles, demethylation and decarboxylation. For the cleavage of benzophenones was applied Swan (1948) reaction, using kalium-butoxide as catalyst. Next the historical relations between dioxydiphenylmethanes, dioxybenzophenones, xanthenes and xanthones, which being closely related to the degradation of phenolic resins, are discussed referring to the literatures : J. H. Gladstone-A. Tribe, R. Richter (1882), C. Graebe (1889), W. Stadel (1894), M. R. Fosse (1903), F. Zmerzlikar (1910), L. H. Bender (1953), Hawkins et al (1957) etc.

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