The adsorbents for proteins are prepared by the modification of phenolic resins with gelatin. The modification is carried out under three different reaction conditions, using HCl catalyst in water and in 1-butanol, or NaOH catalyst in water. Adsorption of α-chymotrypsin on these modified resins and the activity of immobilized chymotrypsin are investigatad. Among three kinds of the modified resins, the resin prepared in HCl-butanol system shows the highest enzyme-adsorption ability and enzyme activity. In addition, the thermal and storage stabilities of enzyme are extremely improved by immobilization on this modified resin. Based on the adsorption behaviors of pepsin, BSA and lysozyme, it is concluded that the adsorption is due to the electrostatic interaction between the gelatin moiety in modified phenolic resins and the adsorbed proteins.

View full abstract

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), has been widely used to analyze both inorganic and organic material surfaces. Recently it has proved to give also geometrical information, such as crystalline structure or molecular orientation, besides conventional elemental and functional group analysis.
In this paper, problems in the measurement and analysis of polymer materials by XPS are briefly reviewed. Recent developments of small area XPS, gas chemical modification and analysis of molecular orientation which are being done in the authers' laboratory are also introduced.
More intensive collaboration between researchers in the relating fields of materials development, surface analysis and instrument design is necessary in order to fully utilize the potential of XPS.

View full abstract

Since p-vinylphenol polymers were developed by Maruzen Oil Co,. Ltd. in 1976, these polymers have attracted attention inside and outside the country and have been finding growing usage in functional and structural applications such as heat resistant composites, photoresists, coatings, adhesives and the others.<BR.This paper reviews the recent status of p-vinylphenol polymers with the major emphasis on the application to the thermosetting resins (curing agents for epoxy resins etc), the heat resistant composites containing these resins as matrix, and the photoresists for lithography by refering to literatures and patents published mainly after 1980.

View full abstract

The hypotheses of phenol-formaldehyde resin chemistry and the related articles are mentioned such as : (1) The saligeno-saligenin structure of Baekeland (1909) and the historical development of saliretin chemistry (1843-1931), (2) The hypothesis of Raschig (1912) and that of Blumfeldt (1929), (3) The hypothesis of Baekeland and Bender (1925) and the first article of Staudinger on the highmolecular chemistry (1920), (4) The hypothesis of Sato and Sekine (1921) and the article of Matsumoto (1915), which is the oldest and pioneering paper on the phenolics chemistry in Japan.

View full abstract