Calixarenes having long chain alkyl groups such as n-octyl, nonyl or n-dodecyl have been synthesized by heating the corresponding alkylphenol with HCHO in xylene in the presence of NaOH. These products are the mixture of octamer, heptamer and hexamer, and the calixarene homologs are isolated and characterized. The spectroscopic characteristics of calixarenes depend on the number of phenolic nuclei, that is, cavity size and not on the substituted alkyl groups. The long chain alkylcalixarenes show a strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding between phenolic OH. The lower melting point and the higher solubility in CHCl₃ and C₆H₆ are observed compared with t-butylcalixarene. The reaction conditions for calixarene synthesis have been studied more detail. NaOH or KOH is the most active catalyst and the molar ratio (MOH/phenol) of 0.5 is the optimun condition. Thus, the yields of octyl-, nonyl- and dodecylcalixarne are 90%. 60% and 55%, respectively.

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Mononuclear methylol resorcinols, mono-, di-and trimethylol resorcinols, are detected in low molecular weight resorcinolformaldehyde condensates (RFR) by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
Further, silylated derivatives of 2- and 4-methylol resorcinols, 2, 6- and 4, 6-dimethylol resorcinols and 2, 4, 6-trimethylol resorcinol in silylated RFR can be separated by the temperature programmed capillary gas chromatography (GC), respectively.
The sample RFR were prepared by reacting resorcinol and formaldehyde (37% formalin) in the molar ratios (0. 3, 0.4 and 0. 7) at various temperature (0°C, 25°C and 80°C).
Some RFR were silylated with N, O-his (trimethylsilyl) trifluoracetamide (BSTFA).
In such cases 100 mg of RFR solution were dissolved in 2 ml of dimethylformamide. After addition of 2 ml of BSTFA the mixture was allowed to react at 40°C for 1 hour.
Analytical condition of GPC are as follows : Apparatus; HLC-801 (Toyo Soda Mfg. Co., Ltd.), Column; TSK GEL, G-3000H₈, G-2000H₈, G-2000H₈, G-1000H₈, Precolumn; GH8P, Eluent; tetrahydrofuran, Flow rate; 1ml/min, detector; RI.
Analytical condition of temperature programmed capillary GC are as follows : Apparatus; GC-4CMPFE (Shimadzu Seisakusho Co., Ltd.), Column; Stainless capillary column, 0.5 mm∅×45m, Liquid phase; SE-30, Temperature programming temperature range; from 100°C to 300°C, Temperature programming rate; 8°C/min, Detector; FID.
H NMR spectra were taken of room temperature-dried RFR on a JNM-MH-100 (Japan Electron Optics Laboratory Co., Ltd.) at 100 MHz in DMSO-d₆. Infrared spectra were obtained by the KBr method.
It was found that mononuclear methylol resorcinols exist in alkali-catalyzed RFR and non-catalyzed RFR. Furthermore, they are also detected in weak acid (such as zinc acetate, acetic acid and oxalic acid) -catalyzed RFR.

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New epoxy resin laminates were developed, which showed high heat resistance including partly oxazolidone rings by a reaction of epoxy groups and isocyanate groups.
These laminates are prepared by using a prepolymer stable at room temperature which was obtained through the reaction of isocyanate groups with hydroxy groups of epoxy resins.
When this prepolymer is used with amine compounds as curing agent for a varnish for laminates, reaction between amino groups and epoxy groups occurs accompanied with oxazolidone ring formation, and an epoxy laminate (CL-I) with high heat resistance can be obtained.
Further, when formulating bisimide compounds in the above varnish of the prepolymer, a laminate (CL- n) with much higher heat resistance can be obtained.

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The article was only reviewed on the applications of differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for the curing of thermoset resins in many applications of thermal analysis of high polymers.
These were simple and rapid technique to take the curing process and the curing kinetics of thermoset resins at wide temperature range. So, these can not only use to thermoset resin chemistry, but also use to quality control for moldings compounds, adhesives and coatings of thermoset resin.

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In this paper ten articles of G. Zigeuner and co-workers on “Über die Struktur der kiinstlichem Harze (1954-59)” are abstracted. They obtained a great deal of di-and tri-nuclear novolak-oligomers by oxydative degradation of phenolic resins and intermediate compounds. In 1955 they discovered two trinuclear oligomers which have two different melting points. These were no other than the steric isomers expected by Megson in 1948. Introducing the Megson's paper and Zigeuner's works the present author pointed out that the steric problem of novolak is very interesting but difficult field of the phenolic resin chemistry.

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