We conducted a survey on Japanese college students and investigated their knowledge about food waste, food waste reduction practices, and factors relating to their reduction practices. The results revealed that 1) although most students indicated that they are aware of the problem of food waste, fewer knew that food waste is one of the causes of climate change. 2) Many students use leftovers; freeze food, avoid cooking too much; and consider the amount of food stock at their home when purchasing food. 3) However, only half pay sufficient attention to the expiry dates of perishable foods and few students freeze bread and vegetables. 4) Knowledge about food waste does not promote these food waste reduction practices. 5) Students who do not use leftovers are more likely to feel that they have no idea how to reduce household food waste.