Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 2189-5961
Print ISSN : 1342-8675
Volume 12, Issue 3
Displaying 1-50 of 50 articles from this issue
Feature Articles: Disordered Speech and Normal Utterance
  • Akira UJIHIRA
    Article type: Article
    2008 Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 1-2
    Published: December 30, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (1437K)
  • Isao UEDA
    Article type: Article
    2008 Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 3-16
    Published: December 30, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Since the advent of Chomsky and Halle (1968), phonology has provided theoretical underpinnings for the analysis of deviant speech of children, both normally-developing and functionally-disordered. The present article is addressed to demonstrate how, and in what respect, phonological theory, at each stage of its development, has made a contribution to various aspects of acquisition and disorders, and what problems have been left unsolved. Included herein are the theories of 'classical' generative phonology, natural phonology, what can be referred to as 'evidence-based approaches,' underspecification, feature geometry, optimality theory, and usage-based cognitive phonology. The overall discussion is expanded upon the applicability and limitation of each theory, and followed by the conclusion in which a few important issues still awaiting further empirical attestation are pointed out.
    Download PDF (10681K)
  • Yasushi TERAO
    Article type: Article
    2008 Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 17-27
    Published: December 30, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The regularity and characteristics which speech errors show have been regarded as a 'window' through which one can see how unconscious language production mechanisms work in the mind. The present study examines the phonological components of two influential models based on Japanese speech error data. It is suggested that WEAVER++ adopting verification system and syllabary explains the flow from the ordering of segments in phonological encoding to the articulator in a more convincing way, whereas the interactive activation model has advantages over WEAVER++ in describing the repeated phoneme effect observed often in Japanese sound exchange errors.
    Download PDF (8811K)
  • Masahiko KOMATSU
    Article type: Article
    2008 Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 28-40
    Published: December 30, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Perceptual evaluation was performed by native speakers for Japanese sentences read by Japanese-descent Brazilians (L2) and native Japanese speakers (L1), and for Portuguese sentences read by native Japanese speakers learning Portuguese (L2) and Japanese-descent Brazilians (L1). For both languages, detection of a foreign accent was more difficult in the stimulus with its spectral properties removed (representing prosodic features) than in the stimulus with its F0 flattened (representing segmental features), and was easiest in unmodified speech. Correlations were found between perception scores for modified and unmodified speech. Acoustic analysis suggested that speakers may bring their F0 characteristics of L1 into L2 speech, and showed that speaking rate was correlated with perception scores. It is concluded that foreign accents in both languages share some properties, as mentioned above, but also have some differences.
    Download PDF (9115K)
  • Akira UJIHIRA
    Article type: Article
    2008 Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 41-51
    Published: December 30, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper attempts to illuminate phonetic and phonological patterns underlying inter language speech. To do so, the first part of the paper reports the results of detailed statistic analysis of 690 samples of repetition style of disfluency produced by novice and advanced Japanese learners. The analysis has revealed two salient characteristics of inter language speech. 1) The novices substitute a syllable for the dominant phonological unit in the mother tongues. 2) In the process of getting the phonological unit of mora, it is possible that English and Chinese behave as negative transfers, and Korean is a positive transfer. In the second half of the paper, these results are interpreted with a psycho-linguistic model of language production. In the model, at the stage of the beginners, a lot of nodes of syllables belong to the last layer for output. The nodes of Japanese mora are formed at the advanced stage, leaving phonological systems of the mother tongues.
    Download PDF (7802K)
  • Natsuya YOSHIDA
    Article type: Article
    2008 Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 52-58
    Published: December 30, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper presents the results of experiments to reveal the acoustic cue of the perception of devoiced vowels. The frequency spectrum of mora /pI/ and /pU/ has peaks at 3200Hz and 1500Hz respectively. I removed these peaks using the band-pass filter to create stimuli. In the perception test using these stimuli, the rate of correct response is extremely low. This suggests that participants of this test couldn't use the acoustic information mentioned above. These acoustic features of/pI/ and /pU/ are similar to those of/p/ before voiced vowels. This result suggests that the coarticulation between /p/ and the following vowel may act as the acoustic cue of devoiced vowels.
    Download PDF (4119K)
Research Articles
  • Shiyo SAKAKIBARA
    Article type: Article
    2008 Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 59-75
    Published: December 30, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper examined how interpersonal relationships can be expressed prosodically in the Italian greeting "Buongiorno". A factor analysis of the perceptual ratings of natural utterances yielded two factors: (1) psychological distance based on intimacy, and (2) power relationship. Correlation analyses showed that the level of intimacy can be reflected in the rise of F0 in the first syllable and/or in the fall of F0 in the final syllable. Moreover, not only the direction of F0 movement but also its range and the syllable duration seemed to reflect psychological and power relationships.
    Download PDF (13447K)
  • Tanomu KASHIMA, Shingo HASHIMOTO
    Article type: Article
    2008 Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 76-86
    Published: December 30, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Korean learners have been said to have the characteristic pronunciation where the voiced plosives are devocalized in word initial position and the voiceless plosives prolonged as geminates in intervocalic position. This study examines the causes these characteristics focusing on the physiological factors such as intraoral air pressure and air flow rate. The Japanese words recorded have the syllable structure of /CVCVNCVN/ where the first and the second /C/ are either /t/ or /d/. The results obtained suggest that even though the acoustic measurements for the target segments indicate those of Korean tense plosives, their physiological data were found to be related with Korean aspirated plosives.
    Download PDF (7352K)
Research Notes
  • Tomoko YAMAGISHI
    Article type: Article
    2008 Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 87-97
    Published: December 30, 2008
    Released on J-STAGE: August 31, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In this study, norm consciousness research on syllabic nasal duration was performed on 10 Tokyo metropolitan and 10 Kinki dialect speakers. A female Japanese native speaker read 14 example sentences including the target words, which were recorded to create sound stimuli in which the syllabic nasals in the target words were manipulated from 50% to 200% in duration. The 20 respondents heard the sound stimuli and judged whether or not the syllabic nasal duration was "good" or "bad" in relation to pronunciation that normally heard in a conversational situation. As a result, the following two tendencies were observed. Both respondent groups judged long syllabic nasals as "bad" in comparison to short syllabic nasals. This tendency was eminent in the Tokyo metropolitan dialect speaking group. The other was that, among the target words, there was higher tolerance of both long and short syllabic nasals for the word group that was considered to reflect the speaker's mental attitudes. In addition, the Kinki dialect speakers showed higher tolerance than the Tokyo metropolitan dialect speakers.
    Download PDF (7543K)
Review
Summaries of Talks at the Regular Research Study Meeting No. 318
The Twenty-Second General Meeting of the Phonetic Society of Japan
Administrative Reports
feedback
Top