It has been pointed out that whether knowledge is discovered by data mining methods strongly depends on the deep interpretation of the patterns obtained in which domain knowledge plays important roles. Thus, it is highly expected that incorporation of domain knowledge into KDD process is indispensable to supporting the interpretation process. In this paper, first, the importance of pre- and postprocessing is illustrated in knowledge discvoery from examples in medical domain. Then, the extension of KDD : active mining is proposed for actual discovery in medical domain.

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This paper presents a knowledge-oriented clustering method based on rough set theory. The method evaluates simplicity of classification knowledge during the clustering process and produces readable clusters reflecting global feature of objects. The method uses a newly introduced measure, indiscernibility degree, to evaluate importance of equivalence relations that is related to roughness of the classification knowledge. Indiscernibility degree is defined as a ratio of equivalence relations that give common classification to two objects under consideration. The two objects can be classified into the same class if they have high indiscernibility degree, even in presence of equivalence relations which differentiate these objects. Ignorance of such equivalence relations is related to generalization of knowledge, and yields simple clusters that can be represented by simple knowledge. An experiment was performed on the artificially created numerical datasets. The results showed that objects were classified into the expected clusters if modification was performed, whereas they were classified into many small categories without modification.

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When we evaluate an information system by fuzzy inference, the number of fuzzy rules becomes a lot in general.In this paper, we have tried to obtain the solution on this problem by using rough sets theory. We apply the concept of rough sets to diabetes data for the sake of the solution on this problem and indicate that we can get better results by fuzzy rules obtained by using rough sets than those of Fisher's linear discrimination method and quadratic discrimination method on multivariate data analysis. In addition, we compare some fuzzy reasoning methods.

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In order to reduce the computation time in building fuzzy regression model, we propose the effective convex hull method in 1999 to decrease drastically the number of samples which are not influencial in terms of We employ a fuzzy regression analysis in building a gift-rapping method. Recently multivariant methods play a central role in data mining. In the data mining, real time data analysis is a general approach in nature. In the area, the convex hull method can provide us with a powerful tool to reduce its computational time drastically. In this paper it is explained that (1) only vertex points obtained by the convex hull are constraints in a linear programming of building a fuzzy regression model, that(2) the convex hull approach works efficiently in real-time data gathering, that (3) the number of vertexes obtained by the convex hull will not increase so much even in the real time procedure, that (4) on real time arrived data can be effectively and efficinetly treated by the convex hull method in fuzzy regression analysis, that (5) the method does not consume the duplicated computation of the past analysis, and that (6) the analysis can be built on the basis of the past one using newly arrival data.

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In the previous paper, authors propose the distance type fuzzy reasoning method based on the distance between fuzzy sets. In this paper, the distance type fuzzy reasoning method for the fuzzy rule with the optional logic relation is proposed in order to expand use range of the distance type fuzzy reasoning method. The proposed new fuzzy reasoning method has the following advantages over the conventional method : (1) reasoning consequence also becomes, convex fuzzy sets if fuzzy sets are convex for the then part of the conditional proposition ; (2) modus ponens is strictly satisfied ; and (3) precise consequence can also be reasoned in the case that the antecedent is set of singleton type.

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In this paper, a new fuzzy reasoning method is proposed based on the distance between fuzzy numbers. We have used the fuzzy reasoning method "Product-Sum-Gravity Method" for the educational evaluation. The strict monotonicity is the important point for applying fuzzy reasoning to "educational evaluation". However the numerical reasoning function of this method doesn' t always hold the strict monotonicity condition. Then, by defining a distance between fuzzy numbers, we can mathematically introduce a new fuzzy reasoning that could make it clear the above point.

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The sociometry is one of the measurement and evaluation methods of social structure which we could effectively analyze by applying the fuzzy graph theory. We extend the fuzzy graph theory, and propose a fuzzy node fuzzy graph. And we transform it to a crisp node fuzzy graph using by T-norm. In this paper, we shall explain a fuzzy node fuzzy graph, and we could reasonably transform the fuzzy'node fuzzy graph to the crisp node fuzzy graph.

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In this article, we propose a generalizing and extending method of information extraction tool for clinical case clustering system using Self-Organizing Maps (SOM). This system runs on our WWW based DBMS (Database Management System) for clinical cases. The system was implemented in Java and C++ on the Internet server, and all documents of clinical case in the database are written in Japanese. Our method is available to design widely some SOM based clustering systems for medical information.

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Similar cases retrieval from a database is useful, when a patient with an unfamiliar disease is treated. A database management system, therefore, for clinical cases on the WWW with self-organizing maps has been developed. As the same attributes are usually selected from similar cases, this database is especially available to retrieve similar cases. The proportion relations between the degree of similarity and the distance on the map, however, are not always kept. To overcome this problem, a new method has been proposed with which to show the contour map of the similarity distance. The similarity distance is calculated with reference vectors. Computer simulations illustrated usefulness of the method. The future direction of this study will be an application to real clinical cases.

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In this article, we propose a personal authentication method with Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) on our Web based DBMS for clinical cases. Information sharing on the World Wide Web (WWW), which is the most popular Internet service, is progressing rapidly today. Since WWW can cover the area crossed broadly, it is very effective as a means for information sharing. Unfortunately, with this global network access comes increased chances of malicious attack and intrusion. Traditional measures such as passwords and PINs are no longer adequate and we need to investigate more advanced safeguards against unauthorized access to DBMS. We tesed the system ability to measure FRR (False Rejection Rate) and FAR (False Acceptance Rate) on the map which is learning with 56 input-vectors. For result of this ability test, our system keeps FRR and FAR 25%. Thus it seems that our method is available for personal authentication.

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In this paper, a new method of deciding the coefficient of each element of vector for obtaining reasonable classification results of vectors is described. A self-organizing map is useful for classification of vectors, however, it is not usable when the vectors including the difference of significance between elements. It is effective that the coefficients of the elements based on their significance is employed. In the proposed method, the coefficients of elements are decided by using genetic algorithm, in which the fitness is calculated by the classification results of the self-organizing map. The effectiveness and validity of the proposed method is verified by applying it to classification of the facial profiles.

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Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is a technique used well in the field of information processing. This technique is also used in medical image treatment and medical signal analysis. In this paper, SOM method is applied to diabetes diagnosis data and the analysis is made by comparing original data with the data obtained from rough set method.

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Hemispheric dominance for language has been assessed by the Wada test which is an invasive technique with considerable risk of complications. Recently, optical topography system has been used as a non-invasive method which is applicable in detecting the language dominance. Our method can be divided into three steps. Firstly, preprocessing is applied to the data. Secondly, we estimate the degree of the speech area. Finally, we calculate laterality index based on the degree of the speech area. Our results demonstrate that our method is effective for decision of language dominance.

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Life-style related diseases is diagnosed for a great number of medical examination patients by medical specialist. However, since there are few medical specialists of medical examination, medical practitioners who have more or less special knowledge of life-style related diseases often diagnose patients. We propose a method of diagnosis support system construction for life-style related diseases based on fuzzy theory that make possible induction of human consideration. This system consists of mainly both knowledge and reasoning divisions. The knowledge division is constructed on the knowledge date-base that is decided abnormal degree of each examination item with knowledge of medical specialist and statistically analysis. The reasoning division consists of evolution using choquet integral with fuzzy measure and fuzzy inference.

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We have devised a new diagnostic theory to evaluate the severity of a disease and health degree by using a chaotic analysis of an Acceleration Plethysmogram (APG), that is easily obtained information from a person's fingertip. Chaotic determinism was applied to the APG of various diseases and analyzed by both the trajectory parallel measurement method and a recurrence plotting method automatically, devised by ourselves. Chaos determinism presents the trouble of showing the overall healthy information of the patient to the physician. It resembles in the diagnosis of the Chinese herb doctor. A healthy pulse wave might have calm chaos, when it was complicated in diseases where circulation failure etc. developed. APG chaos began to be used in the various clinical scenes like primary care, palliative care, and emergency medicine. It has been suggested to be useful, not only for hospitalized patients, but also, by means of information and telecommunications such as the Internet and CATV, for home care and community health care.

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This study was conducted to clarify the relationship between the input devices for the Internet and the factors such as age, health status, and future need of a mobile phone (MP) and the Internet through personal computer (IPC). The magnitude of the relation was evaluated by the odds ratio (OR). The survey was done in December 2000 and January 2001. The study sample was forty women, 78.5±4.5 years of age (70-89), who lived in their own houses in Y Town near Himeji City, Hyogo, Japan. As a result of analysis, the touch screen was the most preferred input device among the elderly with high age [OR=3.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83-18.98]. It was also preferred by subjects with more difficulties (OR=5.00, 95% CI 1.05-25.41) and less future need of a MP and the IPC (OR=7.22, 95% CI 1.34-43.88). These results suggest that the future need of a MP and the IPC was the most highly correlated with the input device for the Internet.

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This paper presents a diagnostic support system for circulatory model in physiological diagnosis. We use Coleman's dynamic model called Human, which consists of 25 physiological modules including equations of about 1000 lines, over 200 variables, and over static parameters. This diagnostic support system 1) generates cause and effect relations between variables, 2) visualizes hierarchical directed graph for variables, and 3) enables to track paths in the hierarchy of the circulatory model.

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This paper proposes an automated discriminating method of material using ultrasonic imaging that can conform change of tissue elasticity. The proposed method employs fuzzy infernce. Firstly, three attributes are acquired from ultrasonic wave of the known material. Secondly, membership functions are constructed using three attributes automatically. Finally, we presume the material using the function from unknown ultrasonic wave. We apply this method to two situations with bone phantom and without bone phantom. The experimental results on six materials showed that each presumed rates under the two situations were 86.6% and 63.3%.

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Today there are some kinds of diagnostic methods to measure the degree of health under hemodialysis for patients in chronic renal failure, but on the other hand they have a many of indefinite symptoms in this treatment indeed. We hope to get a new index to catch timely their physical conditions at ease. As a clue we notice the pulse wave-responses based on circulatory kinetics in hemodialysis patients and investigate Fuzzy features of their test data.

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The purpose of this study was to predict lymph node metastasis in tongue cancer. The performance was inferior to prediction by the fuzzy reasoning performed in the past when it predicted using single SOM. The quality of the node of SOM is not uniform. There are the nodes which performs the right diagnosis, and the nodes which performs mistaken diagnosis. If the priority factors are given,to the variable of input data and 3 different models are created by SOM, 3 models can complement mutually and can raise a prediction performance.

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In the treatment of the mouth cancer, the presence of the cervical part lymph joint metastasis is an important factor for obtain the prognosis. If it can be forecast whether the mouth cancer will metastasize in the future, certain treatment can be done. In this paper , The Self-Oganizing-Map,applied in the forecast of themetastasis of the cervical part lymph joint of the mouth.

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The author reported previously that we produced a tongue diagnosis supporting system by applying the syndrome determination process on a discriminating system based on the fuzzy theory. In this study, the results of both the tongue diagnosis of coldness-heat and the four methods of diagnosis of coldness-heat were compared with those of the diagnosis using this supporting system. To evaluate the diagnostic ability of our tongue diagnosis supporting system, the results of both the tongue diagnosis and the four methods of diagnosis were compared with those of the diagnosis using this system. The diagnosis using the supporting system was consistent with the tongue diagnosis in 80% and the four methods of diagnosis in 40%.Further detailed studies must be made improving this diagnostic supporting system.

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It is effective to diagnose and find a method of its repair for disabled machines based on the information fixed in the past. But it is hard to search easily and speedily the required information for a lot of data in the past. We propose a new method to do it. This is based on the database system with a fuzzy graph model.

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Our purpose is to apply fuzzy path integral on differential diagonosis including internal medicine.lt is so difficult to distinguish between anemia from malignant one. As leukemia and aplastic anemia, which is malignant one, has the defects of stem cell(gene) levels, the diagnosis should have essentially fuzzy inference. We investigate an application of the meshod of this fuzzy inference and how to make an expect system for anemic diseases. A simple example of fuzzy path integral is also shown.

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Making the drawing of business card and poster is useful in fundamental design education. But many training are requires for acquisition of basic skill with design. It is so hard for a instructor to evaluate many works by the students. We propose the system that the students can learn the basis of design by their individual self-learning. We try to make the prototype system for the business card because that it has less element of design. The system gives the tutorial suggestion to the student by means of comparing his work and the standard. The feature of business card is extracted from the image of it, and the similarity of the work and standard is defined by means of the feature. We discuss the extracted features of the business cards.

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The aim of this paper is to investigate to the effectiveness of subjective observation model in our artificial emotion model. We examine differences of the results obtained by computer simulation using mapping functions determined by vector pairs from formal emotional DB and adjusted emotional DB. Figures and tables show the difference and subjectivities depends on databases.

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Information Technology has been applied to several fields and then Data Retrieval System is very important tool. We have proposed a new type of neuron model including the simulated synaptic function where the symbolized particles are generated, emitted, stored and released as a simplified analogy of the function that real neurons and synapses do by chemical particles taking the field of the reacted particles into account as a kind of sampled database. We applied this model to subjective data retrieval system.

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Recently the number of tuberculosis at Osaka City is increasing to the high level in the world. It is important to make clear the mechanism of the trial of the tuberculosis spread model. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model for the tuberculosis spread model in Osaka using the distance based on the data of 27 indexes of the management table of Osaka's tuberculosis. From the analytical results based on our model, it is suggested that tuberculosis spread model in Osaka has the central area and it is spread to the seaside.

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Three-dimensional images of cerebellar neural networks were revealed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Microstructures of neurons, synapses and fibers were analyzed.

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Gene Expression Programming (GEP) was created for reconstruct tissue histology and Protein Expression programming was created to sustain the imperfection of GEP. All the biochemical, biological, molecular biological and life reactions of living things had to be considered for program. To reconstruct or repair the histology of a target organ, we have to inference the major reactions and treat them contentedly by GEP. Some researchers have some feeling of anxiety of ignored, don't worry, there are plenty of diseases, several of which might interrelated your specific research

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Biomedical Fuzzy System Association (BMFSA) which started in February 1989, has been progressed as well as "Name of an era at the Heisei" in Japan, The result of analyzing the theme of the journals of BMFSA, proceedings of national annual conferences, and the local annual meetings, are reported, from the four viewpoints: method of soft computing, field of subject, purpose and stage of work. Each viewpoint is classified into 5 or 6 categories such asfuzzy theory, neural network, chaos theory, etc., biomedical, psychology, sociology, etc., diagnosis, control, pattern recognition, etc. and theory, research, practical use, etc., respectively. Each classification code is counted and shown in trend graphs. Studies for fuzzy method are gradually decreased, and the other methods of soft computing are increasing with the years. Studies for diagnosis purpose are decreasing, and the other purposes are increasing. Studies in the field of clinical medicine are decreasing, and the other fields are increasing. Studies for research are constantly majority of BMFSA, and it seems a problem that studies for practical use systems are very few.

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PCR and RT-PCR primers were designed by using Fuzzy Inferential Theory. The characteristic of fuzzy inferential theory is to introduce the experience into fuzzy reasoning. The PCR, RT-PCR, and antisense primers were set to contain 42-62% of GC content. For the next steps, less homologous primers were chosen versus self-mRNA, GAPDH (glyceraldehyde 3-P-dehydrogenase), and b-actin sequence. Designed PCR primers were used to analyze gene expression levels, and molar concentrations were estimated by quantitative competitive RT-PCR assays. Antisense (As-) oligonucleotides were designed to inhibit translation of target mRNA and to contain initiation cordon AUG region of mRNA, divide sequences from 15-19 bases upstream to downstream were scanned homology on its entire mRNA. For the control, the sense oligonucleotides were designed by the same procedure, and mismatched oligos were designed by each nucleotide shuffling. All the inhibitory effects of designed antisenses were confirmed by increased blood pressure of rat injecting As-nNOS to NTS (Nucleus Tractus Solitarii), decreased transmigration activity by As-MIP-1b using ATL cells, and profilin gene expression suppression.

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Non-linearity on fuzzy reasoning output exists in the case of adopting min operation (still the most popular one) in order to calculate antecedent matching degree. This paper discusses and evaluates fuzzy diabetes diagnosis system under various fuzzy reasoning methods.

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In order for a wheelchair to perform an autonomous run, the run which refers to a map is required. Then, how to know in which position on a map a wheelchair is now (the self-position presumption method) is described first. Moreover, an emergency can also be coped with if surveillance and control of the wheelchair by the 3rd person are possible. It is there, next remote surveillance-control system of a wheelchair is described.

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In this paper, a new motorized wheelchair with function of health promotion and omni-directional mobile is proposed. It can utilize even in the indoor, because this motorized wheelchair can be moved in the omni-directional mobile. Finally, the experimental result is shown.

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Because the effectiveness of rehabilitation by horseback riding has already been shown in the medical science, the horseback riding exercise is used wide in Europe. However, the cost of the amount of height is needed because of securing the place and breeding of the horse, etc. Under such circumstances, we have created a horseback riding robot as a simulator that can realize the horseback riding therapy, and have added scientific analysis to the empirical rule of horseback riding therapy to study its usefulness. In this paper, we introduce a new simple horse-riding model. This simple horse-riding model was developed using the test data in a past, and it can be used even in the home.

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