We examine how an expanded type sequence on plane of the six fundamental colors affects human color impression. In order to investigate the different effects of two spatial sequences, we consider a hexagonal diagram that is a projection of RGB color space from white to black. The hexagonal diagram corresponds roughly to the hue circle indicated by both hue and saturation in the HLS system. The projected route area indicates the magnitude of naturalness (as in rainbows) for color sequences. The minimum sequence is similar to the order of colors in rainbows, whereas the non-minimum sequence is completely different. We clarified that subjects of nearly all ages have natural impressions when the route area is large and unnatural impressions when the route area is small.

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A region segmentation method developed by "the virtual super pixel(VSP)", which is obtained by the virtual edge extraction method, and the global features and the adjacent relation between the segmented regions are presented in this paper. The small blocks called "virtual super pixel" are used as an atomic element of the region integration in the present paper. Not only the deficit of the conventional region segmentation based on global features, such that the thin line like region is not extracted, is conquered, but also the process is simplified. Then the quantitative adjacent relation among the obtained regions are extracted as the preparation of the later processing like the background extraction, the unification of the regions, the extraction of the conspicuous object and so on.

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In our previous studies [1], we investigated falling of human body by using a model of the rigid body dynamically. We will consider a behavior of the normal force and the friction from the previous studies. Then, we will derive a condition that the rigid body begins to slide from that consideration.

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Modern science has adapted a method to reduce to some constituents and integrate them again. This method has been a great success in many fields of natural science. Therefore, it has been applied for biology or life science including the clinical and basic medicine. Even in the field of psychiatry, this tendency is getting dominant. However, if once we consider the problem of consciousness or self, it would be difficult or impossible to apply reductionism for this problem. We cannot probably find out the entity of consciousness or self in any area of the brain or nerve cells. Thus the reductionism seems utterly helpless. The theme of the emergence may commit itself on this issue. In this paper, we will criticize the reductionism by considering the hierarchy of the world or the possibility for the upper class to govern the lower class in complex system.

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This paper describes estimations of severe and mild injury for elder human by accidental collision and fall in daily life. In our experiments, the dummy on the platform is fallen on the ground. By the sensors in the dummy, the physical quantities such as HIC are obtained in the experiments by changing conditions such as the direction of fall, the height of the cart and the protector. For mild injury, the effects of the initial position of dummy are large compared with the height and head protector. And it is also found that the direction of fall is one of the important parameters for the predicted quantity such as ISS.

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Although it is able to approximate the movement of each physical part of falling down human body by free-fall motion, there is no guarantee about relations the anatomical severity for each physical part and free-fall motion, and a comparison of the anatomical severity for each physical part between experimental conditions. We classified the ways of a fall of the dummy doll through the dimensionality reduction of the time series data of a natural fall and the fall from a wheeled platform imitated a two-wheeled, self-balancing, electric vehicle. As a result, it was suggested that the analysis based on the classification by the ways of the fall obtained high external validity for the anatomical severity, and the effect of the physical protection.

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In this paper, we shall report on the first year education at Kogakuin University as the entire liberal arts education, including career education as well as mathematics education utilizing ICT (Information and Communication Technology), and also mention how to make the best use of these experiments in the future.

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Generally, we could efficiently analyze the inexact information and investigate the fuzzy relation by applying the fuzzy graph theory. We would extend the fuzzy graph theory, and propose a fuzzy node fuzzy graph. Since a fuzzy node fuzzy graph is complicated to analyze, we would transform it to a simple fuzzy graph by using T-norm family. In addition, to investigate the relations between nodes, we would define the fuzzy contingency table. In this paper, we would discuss about a fuzzy contingency table, entropy measures of fuzziness, connectivity indices and similarity coefficients. By using the fuzzy node fuzzy graph theory, the new T-norm and the fuzzy contingency table, we could clarify the relational structure of fuzzy information.

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Inexact information such as human behavior and cognition could be properly analyzed and clarified applying fuzzy theory. In this paper, the authors present an analysis method of the opinion survey applying fuzzy graph and also illustrate its practical effectiveness with the case study concerning the class evaluation by high school students.

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Bofu-tsusho-san - a Kampo preparation indicated for the treatment of obesity - was administered to obese SAS patients for a duration of eight weeks, and its usefulness was tested. To all patients, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy, the standard treatment for SAS was provided. For this reason, the Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) was kept to a mild level or below, and changes were not observed in the approximate administration of Bofu-tsusho-san. Significant changes in Body Mass Index (BMI), neck girth and abdominal girth, were not observed, either. However, ESS scores were observed decreasing over time, with a significant difference after eight weeks of administration..

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By using radiofrequency in sleep-apnea surgery, the volume of soft tissue of the nasal-turbinates, soft palate or tongue can be reduced. A significant advantage of radiofrequency treatment is its precision in targeting tissue. These procedures are usually performed in the office-surgery center. A frequent cause of nasal airway obstruction is excessive tissue in the inferior turbinate. The size of the turbinate can be reduced by radiofrequency to improve nasal breathing and CPAP use.

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The harmonic structure, such as speech, can be divided into two parts of envelope maxima and minima. The former carries semantic information; the latter is regarded as inaudible period according to the forward masking effect. In this study, we recalculate phase error and amplitude error of minute extrema between envelope maxima, and visualize the robust structure of amplitude envelope in the light of noise allowance, corresponding to subjective thresholds. Compared with 9% phase error and 40% amplitude error in the previous study, the allowances of both indices are quite large in the concave part of amplitude envelope, estimating at 14% and 100%, respectively. Taken together with the adaptation of firing rate in the auditory nerve fibers, we have hypothesized that the marginal parts play a physiologically indispensable role in recovery from the refractory period in the auditory nerves, allowing the modification of silence with zero-amplitude.

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This paper describes the correlation between the classified subjective evaluation based on Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the changes of vital signs for the effects of viewing to the pleasant/unpleasant images which are specified as IAPS (International Affective Picture System). The Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and the Electroencephalogram (EEG) are recorded for 16 healthy subjects (17〜20 years old, male) when they view to the pleasant or unpleasant images. And in order to investigate the psychological state change, the subjects are required to answer VAS questionnaire about subjects' emotional taste. Furthermore, the relationship between the vital sign data and questionnaire results are discussed. As a result, it is suggested that there exits conflicting for appearance tendency of vital signs between the subjects who evaluated positively by unpleasant images, and the subjects who evaluated in the negative.

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We were introducing the concept of poraliton models based on neural conduction, so rewrote the famous Bayes' theory into quantum Bayes' Form. In order to practice that process, all of classical probabilities were necessary that they were reinterpreted into operators, state vectors, probability amplitude, and expectation values. The difference between classical version and quantum form was whether interference's term exists or not. Quantum Bayes' form had the additional term Re(Int). At junctions, all of pure states were mixed. Some attenuated states were generated instead of all pure states at junction. In neurons, examples of those areas meant neuro-synaptic junctions, ephapse of axons, and endplate of muscles, and so on. Final state vector ∖B> had the various information of environmental state at the conditions of the mixed and reduced purities. So, if we would like to obtain the pure state and the other quantities, we needed take a series of mathematical operations as making expectation values

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Recently, the performance of the hardware and the software about computer increases drastically. In particular, the speech recognition technology progresses rapidly. The product using the technique came to be developed. The hearing aid is an electronic device that amplifies sound and is used to compensate for poor hearing. However, it is difficult to clear up an inarticulate sound with the existing hearing aid. We develop the hearing aid using the speech recognition technology to solve this problem.

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We proposed a model based on the falling of rigid bar, which was improved both hypothesis of the rotational & free falling and a rigid pendulum. Our models showed that the normal force of rigid bar became zero value by the way of the falling process. When the ratio (friction/normal force) went beyond a coefficient of static friction μ_0 and an angular θ satisfied with a relation θ_1 < θ <cos^<-1> (1/3), the friction force acted to opposite direction so as to counteract a centrifugal force of the falling rigid bar. This inversed frictions being caused by the centrifugal force corresponded to a stress, that stress prevented the dummy from being outthrown.

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A risk has commonly given by relative and comparative expressions, whose styles are various survival or death ratio. The choice of risk are judged from the weight -ratio of benefit and disbenefit for group members or each person, and the death ratio for the risk is almost reduced to below 10^<-5>〜10^<-6>, and final judgments of accept or rejects for the criteria (level acceptable) depend on consciousness of social members. The ISS3 of TRISS mentions that the injured persons, being in death ratio 0.0035, are estimated as lifelong death ratio 5.8%, an average duration of life 2.7 years and an annual death rate 0.0007, if our life span is about 90 years and an operating time of those equipments reaches 4 hours every day. Those values are much smaller than ratio of automobiles or that of accidental death, and are same levels of the death rate of natural calamity. The TRISS has some defects: one of them is no considered effects of multiple traumas in our same region of our body, and the others are taking no accounts of an effect of aging for seniors. However, an estimation of TRISS becomes similar to that of ASCOT in the case of slight or severe injury, and accompanied with single trauma in the same region.

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This research measured the injury to the femur when the wheelchair fell. The impact of the side and backfall of the wheelchair was a safety standard value or less of the car. The highest value of the impact to the thighbone was 0.35kN. The impact to the femur when the wheelchair falls from this is thought to be low.

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In this paper we show a new statistical scheme to find the optimal cut off level in fuzzy clustering which is an improvement of Uesu and Shinkai et. al [4]〜[7].

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In this paper, a new method applying fuzzy theory to assess students' work of arts is proposed. Based on previous studies, it is known that EM algorithm is good for the establishment of the reasoning rules. However, the method applying fuzzy theory and EM algorithm has been only conducted with crisp numbers. To conduct with fuzzy numbers, this paper improves the method applying fuzzy theory and EM algorithm.

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It is well known that fuzzy numbers plays an important and fundamental role in fuzzy analysis. In this paper, we attempt to define VSOP fuzzy number using an ordered pair (f, g). We have first discussed the addition and scalar multiplication for VSOP fuzzy numbers. From these operations we obtain some properties of VSOP fuzzy numbers.

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Management systems and economic systems are complex because they are involving human behaviors and are affected by many factors. When a system includes uncertainty such as those concerning human behaviors, a fuzzy system approach plays a pivotal role in its analysis. Therefore, many results concerning with their works have been reported. Yabuuchi et al. has proposed a fuzzy autocorrelation model which is using the concept of a soft computing for the Box-Jenkins model. Moreover, fuzzy random variables have been used into the fuzzy autocorrelation model and a predictive accuracy of the model improved. In this work, an improved fuzzy autocorrelation model by using fuzzy random variables will be compared with a fuzzy autocorrelation model by Japanese national consumer price index.

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We analyzed the relation between the fuzzy ratings obtained from an applied fuzzy inference on the physiology (blood pressure and heart rate) and the psychological index (anxiety) at the time before a presenter making a speech, by setting the time of making a speech as a tension scene, and the self-and others- evaluations on the speech. As a result, the presenters whose fuzzy ratings (G) were higher than those who were lower showed a markedly higher tendency in both self-and others- assessment. From this finding, it is suggested that the fuzzy ratings (G) on blood pressure and anxiety before making a speech may give an effective clue in understanding the relation between the condition immediately before making a speech and the performance.

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