In designing electron microscope, it is necessary to estimate the effect of the electromagnetic interaction between electrons within the range of the electron beam. To perform this estimation, we considered forces between parallel electric currents in two models. First, we calculated the current in a conductor line containing both a static positive charge and a dynamic negative charge. This model is very similar to a real current. Second, we considered the current which is generated by only the movement of a positive charge. In both cases, we thought about the effect of special relativity on the forces. The first case resulted in an attractive force, as would be expected. However, The latter case resulted in a repulsive force.

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We have qantization method, which is based on Feynman path integral rule. Amplitudes of particles 'were defined by using both propagators and Gaussian slits. According to that calculating method, we attempted to rewrite the classical AND, OR and NOT gate into quantum expressions named as q-AND, q-OR and q-NOT. Those classical switches were quantized as operators, and general Hamiltonian of switch system were given for basic gates. Logic of switch operators was different from theory of crisp numbers or fuzzy set theory. We showed that the logic ofq-switches satisfies with excluded middle, however, the law of contradictoin does not hold true. We showed the new-conduction ofaxon was described as polariton.

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The current localization accuracy of the epileptogenc focus is not good and thus the extirpation of focus with significant margin causes the removal of normal brain and leads to the severe aftereffects such as restricted vision, motor dysfunction, disorder of memory, and so on. To cope with this problem, we should develop the technology of (1) detecting the epileptogenic focus, (2) necrotizing the epileptogenic focus excluding normal brain. In case of distributed focuses in the normal neuron networks, it causes the after effect to necrotize the distributed focuses. Thus we need to develop another technology of (3) cooling down but not freezing the distributed focuses to suppress the seizures after onset of epilepsy.

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Leukemia is a disease which is diagnosed by blood test following symptom onset. The patients are often transported to a hospital after they get into serious symptom. An existing automatic blood cell counter can detect leukemia cells, only when the withdrawn blood includes many ones. However it exhibits low reliability. Therefore, the visual observation method has been still adopted to the blood test today. But this method takes time and a lot of troubles, furthermore, it needs three years at least to acquire knowledge and technique. Thus we need an automatic blood cell counter which can detect a small amount of leukemia cells in the blood of patients before disease development. In this research, we employ the dielectrophoresis to solve this problem. We successfully measured the dielectrophoretic forces generated on normal leukocytes in uniform electric field. And leukocyte and erythrocyte were separated by dielectrophoresis. Furthermore, separation of leukemia cells and normal leukocyte could be successfully achieved.

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The new classification method was proposed where a multidimensional data set was visualized [1,2]. There, a phase distance on the spherical surface among the label data -was computed and a dendrogram was constructed using the distance. Here, the coloring by the classification of the cluster group on the spherical surface based on the label data was carried out based on this constructed dendrogram. By this method, a variety of data can be applied and analyzed. However, the example which was applied to the AES spectrum can be mainly described. A boundary among the clusters was clearly visualized by this coloring method.

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In Japan, we received medical services without high price used by the medical care insurance. But, the Japanese insurance does not support whole disease. In particular, that uses hard to preventive medicines. We introduced the medical care without the insurance. The customers will pay high price money, but they receive preventive measures, in order to not adaptation to insurance. In this paper, we show the care of the earlier stage tumor used by the tumor markers. As results, 1. The people who have normal values of tumor markers. We did nothing. 2. The people who have disorder values of tumor markers. After pathological examination, we found early stage tumor. We removed tumor by surgical operation. And we had controlled metastasis used by method of GEP. 3. The people who indicate less disorder values of tumor markers. They has invisible earlier stage tumor. We introduced thiamine, glutathione and selenium ; these supplements activate the pentose phosphate pathway. As result. Their values of the tumor marker decreased than normal value.

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I continued research on increasing diagnostic accuracy by multiple tests. It was found that negative inter-test correlation improves diagnostic accuracy. This paper focuses on how to treat the inter-test correlation coefficient and overall diagnostic accuracy. It was cleared that the more overall diagnostic accuracy of the multiple test is earned in case of the less inter-test correlation coefficient. A randomized generation method of simulation data which has arbitrary sensitivity, specificity and inter-test correlation coefficient of each test, was developed.

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The effects of interview education is studied by questionares to the second grade students (n=261) on remote education of the training school of nurse. The response rate was 42.1% for the students who recieved the interview lecture of maternity nursing. The result shows that the understanding level after the interview class has risen than the before, on the other hand, there are studens who feel a difficulty to understand the nursing diagnosis ofwellness and the idea of the Health promotion. As for the student who understood, the video-assisted education in the class and the opinion exchange by the group work were important factors.

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A comparison of two kinds of mouth washing water, with ice and with hyaluronic acid, is made for the patients in surgical ward who have operations on digestive organs. Based on 22 patients data, it is shown that water with ice has similar effect to water with hyaluronic acid.

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Investigation based on the questionaire to students in medical, nurse, and midwife courses has been done in order to clarify their opinions on their desired marriage and family members. This studies concludes that the deference between men and women is larger than that between their course.

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In the recent years, many audio and video clips are delivered from video sites on the Internet. But, generally, it is difficult to search interesting video clips on the sites, because the clips often are not titled accurately. In this study, we focus on the KANSEI-search method for entertainment video clips. In this article, we introduced analyzing method of entertainment video clips using self-organizing maps. We analyzed MANZAI video clips, and we classified emotional scenes using FFT ofsound-track, as the scenes of comedians' talking or audiences' laughing. As the result, using our proposal method, classification accuracy is 95 percent.

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This paper discusses an approach for speaker identification using multi-dimensional pulse signals generated from a model of a peripheral auditory system. The peripheral auditory system employed consists of a basilar membrane, hair cells, and auditory nerves. The input to this system is a speech signal divided into frames, and the outputs from which are the multi-dimensional pulse signals for each framed signal. The feature vector based on the post-stimulus time histogram (PSTH) of the pulse signals is used for the speaker identification. Also, in order to improve the accuracy of the speaker identification, the feature vector conversion using its mean and standard deviation is performed. The experiments were conducted for each Japanese vowel spoken by 12 speakers (9 males and 3 females), and the identification accuracy is evaluated by 5 hold leave 2 out cross-validation for each vowel. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified by comparing with the conventional LPC analysis.

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For tracking multiple moving objects by using the particle filter, if each particle stores the states of all objects, it is necessary to use exponentially many number of particles. In this paper we propose a method in which motion samples and a window are used for the prediction phase of the particle filter. This method is useful for the tracking of multiple objects which repeat a small number of motion patterns. The proposed method enables a more exact prediction and causes the reduction of the number of particles. We show the effectiveness of the proposed method by experiments in which 5 balls in the same shape and color are juggled and successfully traced by using even a low frame rate video camera.

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This paper describes a novel technique for detecting a human body direction using HOG feature. The HOG feature is a well-known feature for the judgment of a human. But normally it contains the background feature, which gives negative influence on the judgment. This paper proposes the employment of the HOG feature based on selecting feature methods. We employ the feature for detecting a human body direction. Experimental results show effectiveness of the proposed technique compared to the conventional one.

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This paper describes the heart rate variability (HRV) analysis based on the test that the healthy people squash the plastic bubbles on the bubble wrapping sheet. The experiment employed three male subjects. The HRVs of the subjects are recorded -when they conduct the squashing plastic bubble experiments. And the HRVs are also recorded when they do nothing. Furthermore, in order to investigate the mental tension, the subjects are required to answer the questionnaire on visual analog scale (VAS), in both cases (when conducting the experiment and when not). The HRV data are analyzed by using FFT. The low frequency component (LF : 0.04 to 0.15Hz) and high frequency component (HF : 0.15 to 0.40Hz) are obtained from the HRV power spectrum. The experiment result shows that the LF/HF ratio is high when the subjects squash the bubbles, but the relation between the HRV data and VAS data is not explicit.

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In recent years, a treatment called the implant which is technique to embed an artificial dental root in a direct jawbone as a treatment to supplement the natural tooth has been developed. It is necessary to perform a simulation to embed an implant to the correct position without injuring a bloodvessel and the nervous system before an operation. Because a bloodvessel and the nervous system exist a lot in the jawbone region. However, the burdens to a doctor increase to perform many manual operations for a series of simulation because of long processing time. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an extraction technique on inferior nerve canal region from dental CTImage by considering main bloodvessel and nervous system.

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A temporal subtraction image can be used for enhancing interval changes such as shapes of new lesions and the interval changes in existing abnormalities on medical images by removing most of normal structures. In order to detect the lesions in chest radiographs, the temporal subtraction technique based on X-ray image has been applied successfully to clinical cases. But there is no technique for image registration based on 3-D medical images until now. In this paper, we propose a new registration method for detecting the temporal changes from MDCT images based on analyzing the vector flow. The new method was applied to 5 clinical cases of MDCT images and satisfactory experimental results are obtained.

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Medical images are used for diagnosis of the several diseases in the medical fields. The huge number of medical images makes burden to doctors on visual screening. It is because the higher quality of digital imaging equipment improves, the more computed tomography images per case should be performed. Accordingly, development of computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system has been proposed widely to support the diagnosis of the doctors. In this paper, we propose a CAD system for automatic detecting of the ground glass opacity (GGO) shadow areas based on statistical features which are obtained density and shape features from thoracic MDCT images. The GGO areas can classified from unknown MDCT images by use of artificial neural network (ANN). The propose technique applied on 35 MDCT image sets. Some experimental results are shown along with a discussion.

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Many existing researches on human motion recognition are only recognition and the information of the result is not used. We assume that human motion is a set of basic motions. So we think we are able to translate an overall motion using the recognition result of basic motions. The goal of the present research is to develop a method of human motion representation and translation using directional motion history images (DMHIs). In this paper, we describe a method of recognizing basic motions using the DMHIs. We perform the recognition by matching of a graph. When the matching of the graph is performed, the intervals of chosen image frames are changed and the most suitable interval is inspected. Experimental results are given to show the performance of the proposed method.

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In this article, we introduce a proposal and evaluation of prediction method for readability of web articles based on Self-Organizing Maps (SOM). We focused on font-size among web contents for web readability. Then we considered a threshold of readability for the specific age groups with the method of pairwise comparison of Scheffe. In addition, we measured the time for reading aloud and predicted the readability of Web articles by SOM. As the result, we confirmed that in a certain range, this prediction method was effective because the agreement rate is 90%.

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a patient with depression resisitant to drug - treatment were treated with 10 daily sessions of20Hz-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at 80% motor threshold over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. He responded to rTMS and did not relapse after five months following rTMS.. This study suggested that rTMS may be effective for depression resistant to drug-treatment.

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First we practiced experiments of measurements of propagating velocities and duration for impulsive force with equipments, LOAD-CELL, and various tissues of pigs. Thus, through our experiments, we could estimate the duration time of the impulse acting on our parts of head, which was about 0.001s, and the traveling velocity was about 20m/s. Those values of musicales' tissues have duration time 0.007s, and traveling velocity was 2.8m/s. Responses of our body were different from each part, for examples head, chest, and inferior limb. We though those results reflected the structures of our parts of bodies. We searched initial condition for numerical simulation with hypothecating the falling of man, his height 163cm, weight 60.3kg, and female, 157cm, and 45.3kg. And if a contacting area of head colliding with floor was 1cm , our impulses added to our head reached at 4000-5OOOkgw, and those pressures estimated about 400-500MPa. Since it was said that a common bone has breakdown point whose value is about 280MPa, we recommend wearing some protectors and developing safety-goods in preparation for colliding with any persons on road and for fallings.

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Recently, digitalization of medical image went rapidly, and the images are used at clinical fields. However, as a result, doctors must treat a large quantity of medical images at a time, and make burdens to radiologists. In order to reduce their burdens, it is common to introduce CAD (Computer-Aided Diagnosis) system to support diagnostic imaging. But the general CAD system is very expensive, and it is quite hard to treat it for medical practitioners. The aim of this study to investigate functions desired for CAD system and develop cheap and simple one by cooperating 'with the hospital side.

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The approach of the Web accessibility is necessary for all the people to be able to use websites. As the visual elements are very important factors in the website, in our previous study, the visibility of young adults, the elderly and dichromatic vision was evaluated using the simulation filters. And we made a model of linear discriminant function for predicting the website visibility. In this report, in order to improve the visibility predictive formula, we made a model of quadratic discriminant function. And the accuracy of the calculated predictive formula was evaluated based on the visual feature. As the results, both discrimination functions had a high correlation with the visual feature. However, the correlation of the linear discriminant function was stronger than the quadratic discriminant function. Therefore, it was shown that the linear discriminant function strongly reflected the visual feature.

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This paper discusses the analysis of information skills for students based on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The subjects were 35 undergraduate university students and 5 graduate school students and in order to analyze their information skills, they were asked to answer questionnaires on VAS and Likert Scales (LS). The results showed that there exists a high correlation between VAS and LS. VAS was shown to be an effective tool for analyzing the information skills of students.

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This study aims to clarify whether the club activity effects their individual scores of the subjects and motivation or not on the basis of the collected answers of questionnaires for S University students. As a result, it is clarified that the club activity effects on their fatigue, eagerness to studies, study hours, free times. The eagerness to studies of only those who have club activity are especially studied on the absence, a doze, motivation. On the other hand, it is concluded that those who have not both club activity and part-time job lead the class on the scores of the subjects since they study most eagerly, fewest doze, keep study hours and free times.

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According to the research by Satou et al, 75.5% ofmidwives recognize the role ofdula, and 83.0% think the care by dula is necessary in the bedside. Moreover, a good effect is expected for mother at the perinatal period. Then, the behavioral assessment of the midwifery caring on the dula's acknowledgment level is investigated in the student (165 people). Relation with the behavioral assessment of caring and the puerperal woman of the effect of the doula was evaluated with 11 stages. The result was that the average score of the correction problem is 6.4 points in the effect of the doula. Moreover, the value of the item of "Helped to the woman till the fourth birth stage" was intentionally high in the correction problem. It has been clarified that midwifery students valuate the puerperal woman's needs in spite of the knowledge of the dula.

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The knowledge level and interest on OC is crarified in the students of general course, pharmaceutical course, and midwifery couse. A questionare has been performed for them, and the correlation between the experience of the OC and opinion. It is found that general couse and midwife course students have an experience of takingOC, the midwifery students significantly have a knowlege than pharmaceutical students, who has significantly better than general course students. There is no relation between the knolege on the OC and the experience. On the taking OC, those students of pharmaceutical course, and midwifery couse who have knowledge think that they will take OC if they have a chance to know a proper knowledge.

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Medical accidents are affecting in the human body. Once occur a medical accident is connected for a big social problem. Medical accidents occur to do generate form everyday duties, the identification of the factor to be concerned with outbreak is difficult. I arrested as a mistake of everyday duties without the comparatively small accident being arrested as the cause to be connected by a medical accident, and it is difficult to surface with the actual situation of a correct accident. Medical persons and investigated the danger factor that I felt potentially by mapping those points with respect. I'm connected for decrease of the accident outbreak by preventing an accident beforehand. I think that stable an can carry out high quality prevention consciousness and prevention action by unifying crisis management capability to have every medical person without being concerned with experience

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Wisdom is considered as a kind of judgment based on the retrieved and extracted knowledge from miscellaneous information, and wisdom promotes the corresponding action. If we can get the wisdom from other person widely, we can do the effective action to achieve our purposes. When knowledge and information based on one's experience are understood, it becomes wisdom. So to get the wisdom it is the first step to collect a lot of knowledge which is composed of a set of low-level information, for instance, the component attributes of knowledge are situation, purpose, time, action and result of expectation. So we call them for a knowledge capsule, and we try to evaluate the knowledge capsule on the effect and cost. This paper describes the study to collect a lot of low level knowledge for Project management by the Prototype system using WEB technology. This system has the input form and has the function to search information. By the way, Team work is necessary to accomplish the project. So, it is the problem how to collect the knowledge capsule and how to use them to accomplish the project by team work in future.

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Blinking can be used as a biological indicator of consciousness, concentration power, and Visual Load. We develop a technique to obtain the number of blinking during the VDT work easily and without restrictive measurement method. In the technique, images from a generally utilized Web camera connected to PC are processed to detect the blinking. The template matching method for the image is used to track the eye region and the upper eyelid which moves up and down when blinking. In the previous paper, the accuracy of blinking detection was over 90% at the capture resolution 320^*240pixel. However, when the capture resolution was set even lower, the tracking accuracy of the upper eyelid inside the eye region deteriorated extremely. In order to improve the tracking accuracy, a new processing method is developed. The continuous change of the number of pixels which corresponds to the size of pupil and iris within the eye region is used to detect the movement of the upper eyelid. The outline of blinking waveforms is estimated by time series of the number of pixels of pupil and iris, which are counted in each single frame. The outline of blinking waveform is used for obtaining the intervals of blinks, the blink durations, and the blinking rates with high accuracies.

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In recent years, dielectrophoresis has attracted much interest because of its effective method to achieve the separation, detection and characterization of particles such as biological cells and virus. Diectrophoresis (DEP) is a movement of particles in a given medium by a force, which is generated in non-uniform electric fields. In this paper, we measured the positive dielectrophoretic force (DEP force) in the Ceiling Creek Gap electrode. The measuring method is elmployed the inclined gravity, which is a component of gravitational force along the inclined floor. It is expected that the Ceiling Greek Gap electrode could separate Leukemia cells in blood by difference in the dielectric property.

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The microscopic information of radiation-material interaction has become important in the field of medicine, the heavy-ion therapy. For the deep understanding of the ion truck structure by high-energy charged particles, a 3D Monte Carlo code has been developed. We calculated the elastic scattering of relativistic-ion off electron to be used in the 3D Monte Carlo code. As the demonstration of the developed code, the simulation was conducted with a target of an inorganic Csl crystal. We calculate energy distribution by secondary electrons produced by impinging H ions. We compared results from our 3D Monte Carlo code and the one from the empirical EDSE model. A large fluctuation is revealed in the ion track structure.

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We simulated by PHITS code that 400 MeV/u carbon incidents on carbon targets and the energy spectra secondary particles emitted from the carbon and energy spatial distribution. And we investigated the gamma ray derived from pion emitted as secondary particles decay and the channels of pion decay. These results will be useful for particle therapy simulation.

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Almost all natural bioactive compounds and artificial products have complicated cycles in their structures. For the purpose of synthesizing the complicated cycles, several precious metals are often used. On the other hand, the precious metals, what we call rare metals, are mostly high price and hard to obtain. This paper reports the ability to produce cyclized products from two functional unsaturated bonds, or one functional unsaturated and epoxide by using iron reagent without using rare metals. Upon reaction with the same reagent, we tried to synthesize the known intermediate structure of (-)-Kinetic acid usually used as a tool in neuropharmacology.

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In this paper, we present a method for visualizing similarities between bacterial floras. In the presented method, all DNA sequences obtained from samples are transformed into vectorial data by multidimensional scaling (MDS). After this process, we obtain bacterial distributions in a vectorial representation. Then, we make a self-organizing map (SOM) of the bacterial distributions by SOM^2 algorithm to visualize similarities between the bacterial distributions. To illustrate the presented method, we apply the method to sediment samples taken from Doukai Bay in Kitakyushu. We confirmed the possibility that the presented method will be used as an aid for analyzing bacterial floras.

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The osteoporosis is diagnosed by using the transformation level of the bone density and the bone based on the image which is obtained by CR, CT, MRI, etc. However, there are no methods for automatic detection in the visual screening. In this paper, we propose a method to detect a phalangeal region for analyzing the osteoporosis by using image processing technique from the CR image. The proposed method adopted for 8 images which obtained previous and current CR image for segmentation based on Snakes algoritms, 72[%] of segmentation accuracy is obtained.

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In order to realize intelligent agent such as autonomous mobile robots, Reinforcement Learning is one of the necessary techniques in the control system. It is desirable in terms of knowledge or skill acquisition of agent that reinforcement learning is based only upon rewards concept instead of teaching signal. However, there exist many problems to apply reinforcement learning to actual problems. The most severe problem is huge iterations in learning process. Our motivation is to utilize appropriately instructions that we can give to the reinforcement learning agent along with main rewards in order to haste the learning process and to attain valid learning performance for preparation of segmentation. In this study, we propose instruction approach for Fuzzy Q-Learning agent based on sub-rewards and forgetting mechanisms. Through numerical experiments of grid world task and mountain car task, we show validness of the proposed approach in terms of learning speed and accuracy.

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In the recent years, Information Technology develops a biometrics authentication to every service in our life. In this article, we propose a facial image authentication method by distance between each feature points using self-organizing maps (SOM). In order to evaluate our proposal method, we discussed the accuracy of the facial image authentication by the experiment. In the result of the evaluation, authentication rate of the proposal method by distances between each feature points was 100%. For this reason, we confirmed ejfectivity of our method.

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As an extension of simplified distance-type reasoning method, multi-output simplified distance-type reasoning method is proposed in which the consequent part of the fuzzy rule is of multi-output type. This paper shows learning algorithms for the fuzzy reasoning method by using the steepest decent method, and compares learning results with the case of ordinary distance-type reasoning method by applying to two kinds of medical data of diabetes and liver ailment diagnosis data.

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