Public Choice Studies

[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1987 Volume 1987 Issue 10 Pages 1-4
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11228/pcs1981.1987.10_1

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Political Economy of James M. Buchanan

Hiroyuki Kawanobe

1987 Volume 1987 Issue 10 Pages 14-25
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11228/pcs1981.1987.10_14

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James Buchanan, a founder of public choice, is also a distinguished political economist. The aim of this paper is to give a methodological review of his political economy. It's major promises are as follows. The behavioral posturate of individuals are not only that of homo economicus. Individ-uals, who maximize their utility also cooperate each other in order to seek mutual gain. Pareto optimality criteria is applied to define rules. But since the utility function of each individual is not fully defined by others, a political economist can only use an hypothetical utility function in his inves-tigation. So the appropriateness check of the proposed rule is needed, and the only measure of it is an unanimity approval.
What a political economist can do is not to show a certain end state of each individual's welfare of outcome, but to show a rule under which every one can seek mutual gain. An appraisal of constitutional revolution is the coherent conclusion of his political economy.

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On “Cost & Choice” by James M. Buchanan

Kazuyoshi Kurokawa

1987 Volume 1987 Issue 10 Pages 26-30
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11228/pcs1981.1987.10_26

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This paper is written at this opportunity to re-introduce and review Cost and Choice, written by J. M. Buchanan 1969, which is one of most important references for studying public choice theory. From point of my view stressing the responsibilities of one's own choice, this review is undertaken and estimate Buchanan's review on the concepts of cost.
The opportunity costs concept made by Classics, London school, and Austrian school are critically reviewed in this book and he reconstructed it and pointed out the crusial difference between responsibilities of private choice and these of public choice. This defference is from cost concept used on each choice.

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The Development of the Theory of Fiscal Federalism

Hiroo Harada

1987 Volume 1987 Issue 10 Pages 31-36
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11228/pcs1981.1987.10_31

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Buchanan's “Federalism and Fiscal Equity” is substantially a maiden work. He was able to successfully come out in academic circles with this. He presented the concept of the resident's fiscal residuum, which should be equal among residents of every state in a federation. This concept and his analysis of fiscal equalizing transfers among areas were neither fully supported nor understood by the orthodox economists, because his analytical key concepts seemed to be rather peculiar or unusual.
He matured the germ of his ideas stead-ily in a 1950 article and presented them again in a 1972 article with Robert E. Wagner in a more refined way. During this interval he developed the concepts of “protective” and “productive” state, fiscal illusion, property rights, and so forth, which are now central parts of his whole idea. His theory of public choice has been given robustness by these concepts. At the same time his ideas have lately been often accepted as precepts in the practical reforms of fiscal institutions.

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Book Reveiew The Reason of Rules-Constitutional Political Economy- by G. Brennan and J. M. Buchanan

Yujiro Oiwa

1987 Volume 1987 Issue 10 Pages 37-40
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11228/pcs1981.1987.10_37

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Buchanan and Brennan have tried to offer logical bases for imporsing constraining rules on the political action of persons. In that context, this book is excellent in terms of a broad exposition of bases of contractual constitutionalism. Moreover, what is remarkable is to make it apply to many re-levant fields, especially, to income distribution problems which have never been taken up. Another main purpose is that they characterize this book as an extended essay in persuasion in order to prevail the idea of constitutional economics.
Buchanan and Brennan have mentioned about a “constitutional mentality” which should be shared among people. And they also put special emphasis on the importance of “shared moral norms” or of a “civic religion” which are indispensable to implement a constitutional change. These con-cepts and reasoning are quite new to Public Choice theory. We should think whether they could be key concepts in order to make Public Choice theory get great strides.

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[title in Japanese]

1987 Volume 1987 Issue 10 Pages 41-75
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11228/pcs1981.1987.10_41

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The Reform of Government Regulations in Japan

Kazuaki Tanaka

1987 Volume 1987 Issue 10 Pages 76-82
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11228/pcs1981.1987.10_76

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Changes in the social and economic conditions in Japan has brought about the necessity for the review and reform of government regulations. The reforms have become critical to resolving the major economic and social issues confronting the country. Some of these issues include-the necessity for achieving a harmonious external economic relations, the expansion of domestic demands, the reform of the economic structure and the promotion of the administrative reforms.
This paper consists of following contents;
Characteristics of Government Regulations;
Reasons for the Reform of Regulations;
The Goals for the Reform of Regulations;
Evaluation of the Reform of Government Regulations in Japan;
Obstacle to the Reform of Regulations;
The Task for the Moment.

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Tax Evasion and Asymmetric Laffer Curve^*

Shigeru Watanabe

1987 Volume 1987 Issue 10 Pages 83-87
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11228/pcs1981.1987.10_83

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1987 Volume 1987 Issue 10 Pages 102-103
Published: December 15, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11228/pcs1981.1987.10_102

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