This paper examines how the moral philosophies of Hume and Nietzsche are read in contemporary English-language philosophy. Drawing on Bernard Williams's influential interpretation, I argue that Hume and Nietzsche are read as an ethics of naturalism, which attempts to explain ethical life in terms of primitive, pre-ethical human life. I further show that their projects of naturalism both solve the problems inherent in naturalism - the reductionist fallacy and the historical gap - by adopting the method of genealogy. Finally, I argue that the naturalist interpretation also shows Hume to be critical of modern morality, although some scholars have overlooked this critical aspect of Hume.

J.S. Mill, a renowned philosopher and economist, also had a passion for botany. He collected specimens from various regions across Europe and shared his findings through academic journals. Surprisingly, Mill's botanical contributions have been largely overlooked by historians. In contrast to their dismissive stance, this paper argues that his botanical studies possess a greater depth and philosophical significance than previously recognized. The objective of this study is to illuminate Mill's botanical pursuits and assess his accomplishments. The paper is structured into two main sections. The first part presents a historical account of Mill's life as a botanist. Building upon the information revealed in the initial section, the second part delves into an examination of the influence of botany on his philosophy.

In the concluding section of Treatise Book 1, David Hume mentions "curiosity" as one of the passions that motivate him to resume his philosophy. Thus, for Hume, curiosity, the passion of "the love of truth," is deeply connected to the self-understanding of his philosophical inquiry. In this paper, I argue that Hume considers the usefulness of the truth supposed to be discovered to be particularly important for continuing philosophy or science. I then offer the interpretation that Hume not only distinguishes his philosophical inquiry from that of Pyrrhonism, but also regards Pyrrhonism as ephemeral and impractical, in the light of the usefulness of the truth it pursues.