Shikaigaku
Online ISSN : 2189-647X
Print ISSN : 0030-6150
ISSN-L : 0030-6150
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Volume 70, Issue 2
Displaying 1-42 of 42 articles from this issue
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  • Anti-phagocytic effect of mannose-rich exopolysaccharide from a biofilm-forming strain of Prevotella intermedia
    Osamu Matsuura, Takeshi Yamanaka, Hisanori Fukushima
    Article type: Article
    2007 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 141-150
    Published: June 25, 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18905/shikaigaku.70.2_141
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Our previous studies revealed that several clinical isolates of Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) can produce the large amounts of exopolysaccharide (EPS) needed to form biofilm and resist the host's immune system. We used THP-1 cells with opsonized latex beads to investigate whether the EPS from P. intermedia biofilm acts as an anti-phagocytic factor in a phagocytosis model. In addition, we used microarray analysis to study how EPS influences the gene expression pattern of THP-1 cells during the phagocytosis process. Although EPS inhibited latex bead engulfment in a dose dependent manner, it did not inhibit recognition of opsonized latex beads by THP-1 cells. The inhibition of phgocytosis caused by EPS up-regulated the expression of more than 140 genes in THP-1 cells by two- to four-fold compared with the expression of THP-1 cells having a smooth phagocytosis process. These results may suggest that the EPS from P. intermedia has an anti-phagocytic effect and influences gene expression patterns as well as activities of the host's immune cells.
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  • Gene clusters involved in the biofilm formation of Escherichia hermannii
    Kenji Mizukawa, Takeshi Yamanaka, Hisanori Fukushima
    Article type: Article
    2007 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 151-160
    Published: June 25, 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18905/shikaigaku.70.2_151
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Genes involved in promoting biofilm formation of Escherichia hermannii strain 11-2, a clinical isolate from a persistent apical periodontits lesion, were identified using EZ-Tn 5™<KAN-2> transposon mutagenesis. Biofilm-defective mutants were isolated by measuring viscosity of spent culture media from 486 kanamycin resistant mutants of strain 11-2. Six mutants that did not produce viscous materials were obtained and a single insertion of transposon on their genomes were confirmed by Southern analysis. Sequencing of the EZ-Tn 5™<KAN-2> transposon flanking sequences of six mutants revealed that all insertions were located on gene clusters for lipopolysaccharide synthesis and transport. Only mutant strain 455, with an insertion of transposon in wzt (one of the ABC-transporter genes) lost capacity to produce viscous material and to form meshwork-like structures around the cells. These results suggest that gene clusters for lipopolysaccharide synthesis might be involved in the biofilm formation of this organism, and in particular, that wzt might play a crucial role in this biofilm formation.
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  • Oral health differences among different generations of Japanese adults
    Kenji Nakaya, Tatsuro Miyake, Masaki Kambara
    Article type: Article
    2007 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 161-169
    Published: June 25, 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18905/shikaigaku.70.2_161
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    We surveyed the oral health of 3,273 adults between 1994 and 2006 to determine how the birth year affected oral health status.
        Three indices were studied ; DMFT, CPI (Community Periodontal Index) code 0 sextant, and oral age. Results for each person's first visit were analyzed based on the year of the examination and the birth year.
        For each examination year between 1994 and 2006, the caries prevalence and oral age decreased for subjects in the 20- to 29-year age group. However, the number of CPI code 0 sextants increased for subjects in the 20- to 29-year, 30- to 39-year, 40- to 49-year and 50- to 59-year age groups. Differences between those born after 1975 and those born between 1935 and 1974 were seen in caries prevalence and oral age. Differences in periodontal status were also found among those born between 1950 and 1974, between 1935 and 1949,and after 1975.
        These results show that adult oral health status has been improving in recent years. Based on these finding, we concluded that oral health activities should be different for each generation.
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  • Effect of patient age at initiation of treatment with the Fraenkel FR III appliance on mandibular protrusion cases in Japanese and Caucasians
    Mitsuhiko Hamada, Masahiko Hamada
    Article type: Article
    2007 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 170-174
    Published: June 25, 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18905/shikaigaku.70.2_170
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    The Fraenkel appliance was introduced about 1960. We investigated its concept and clinical use, and how the time of initiation of treatment with the appliance affected outcome in mandibular protrusion cases. Fifty-two Japanese with mandibular protrusion were selected from patients at the Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, and 53 Caucasians with the same condition were selected from the Clinical Institute at Zwickau, Germany. All cases were treated using the FR III appliance, and the results were evaluated using Quick Ceph Image software. We found that better results were obtained when treatment was initiated at dental age IIA rather than at dental age IIIA. Similar results were obtained for both Japanese and Caucasians.
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  • Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with oral appliances
    Katsuya Tanaka, Motohiro Gotoh, Yasuhiro Tajime, Masaki Akane, Ryousuk ...
    Article type: Article
    2007 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 175-179
    Published: June 25, 2007
    Released on J-STAGE: May 25, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.18905/shikaigaku.70.2_175
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a highly prevalent sleep related disease. It can interfere with work, causing accidents when the person dozes off, and disrupt sleep because of violent snoring, apnea, and difficult breathing. It also can cause clinical symptoms such as excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and fatigue. Since the sleep center was established in 1998 at the Osaka Kaisei Hospital, we have treated OSAS with oral appliances (OA) using a team approach. This report gives the results of seven years of treatment using OA at the Departments of Dentistry and Oral Surgery of Osaka Kaisei Hospital.
         After Japanese National Health Insurance coverage of treatment with OA was initiated in April 2004, there has been a two-fold increase in the number of cases treated. OA for OSAS is a popular treatment because it is simple and non-invasive. It is important that we establish the efficacy, long-term compliance, and complications of this treatment.
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