We retrospectively studied the cases of 14 male and 59 female patients who were seen at the special outpatient clinic for dry mouth at Osaka Dental University Hospital from April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018. Age, sex, symptoms, number of medications, medical history, unstimulated salivary flow rate, and stimulated salivary flow rate were elicited from the patient clinical record. The average age was 67±14 years, unstimulated salivary flow rate was 1.2±2.2mL/15min, and the stimulated salivary flow rate was 6.5±5.9mL/10min. The patients took an average of 4.2 medications. The frequency of Sjögren's syndrome was 20.5%. The most common symptom was xerostemia (67.1%). The comorbidities were hypertension (34.2%), mental disease (27.4%), digestive disease (19.2%), and osteoporosis (16.4%). As aging of the population is advancing in Japan, it is important to diagnosis and treat dry mouth. Shika Igaku (J Osaka Odontol Soc) 2019; September; 82(2):51‐55.Key words: Dry mouth; Xerostomia; Elderly; PolypharmacyShika Igaku (J Osaka Odontol Soc) 2019 Sep;82(2):51—55.

We conducted a retrospective survey of 126 patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who received oral appliance (OA) therapy in a special outpatient clinic for OSA at Osaka Dental University Hospital who were seen between September 2017 and August 2018. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) were elicited from the patient clinical records. The average age was 55±14 years, the BMI was 25.2±4.7 kg/m2, and the AHI was 28.3±16.9/hr. There was mild OSA severity in 22% of the patients, moderate in 36%, and severe in 42%. We studied the 68 patients with an AHI of 20 or more, which is a reference value for adaptation to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. The reason for referral from physicians was that the patient dropped out of CPAP therapy, or a combination of CPAP and OA therapies. Patients were also sometimes referred because of issues with their life style. This study revealed the need for cooperation of the medical and dental professions in the field of sleep medicine. Shika Igaku (J Osaka Odontol Soc) 2019; September; 82(2):56‐62.

Dr. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X‐rays in 1895, and they have been used in dentistry ever since. The first oral radiology textbook in Japan, titled “Dental Roentgenology," was published by Goichi Fujinami and Noboru Teruuchi. Oral radiology has a history of over 100 years in Japan and over 100 books have been published on the subject. However, there have been few studies about books on oral radiology, which is often referred as “Dental Roentgenology." We compiled a list of books on oral radiology in Japan. We also compared to the contents of “Dental Roentgenology" and “Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology", which is the most popular textbook in Japan for describing the use of radiology in dentistry and for teaching oral radiology. 124 books on oral radiology have been published in Japan. Although there were differences between “Dental Roentgenology" and “Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology," the image quality of intra‐oral imaging is almost the same. Radiological equipment has recently made rapid progress and oral radiology has made great strides in diagnostic imaging, radiation protection, radiation oncology and biology. Oral radiology progressed to cover soft tissues of the head and neck as well as hard tissues, including the teeth and jaw bones. Shika Igaku (J Osaka Odontol Soc) 2019; September; 82(2):63‐71.

Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, is an evergreen tree that is a member of the Meliaceae family, and has been used mainly in India over the centuries for treatment of various diseases because of its medicinal properties. We investigated whether the aqueous extract from neem seeds has an antibacterial effect on root caries‐, oral candidiasis‐ or halitosis‐inducing Lactobacillus casei (Lc), Candida albicans (Ca) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) by using the paper disk methods and time‐killing kinetics assay. With the paper disk methods, 20 microliters of neem extract indicated more zones of inhibition against Lc (15.5mm±4.8mm) and Ca (15.8mm±2.5mm) than those against Fn (12.2±2.4mm). In addition, neem extract inhibited the growth of Lc and Ca, but not that of Fn at 24 hours when it was co‐cultured with the respective microorganisms in the time‐killing kinetics assay. We demonstrated that neem extract had a more effective antimicrobial activity to Lc and Ca than to Fn. These results suggest that neem extract, which is a naturally‐derived substance, is a safe antibacterial agent for controlling the pathogenesis and progression of root caries and oral candidiasis. Shika Igaku (J Osaka Odontol Soc) 2019; September; 82(2):72‐80.Key words: Neem; Antibacterial effect; Azadirachta indicaShika Igaku (J Osaka Odontol Soc) 2019 Sep;82(2):72—80.

1. Takeshi HIROSE, Yoshihiro YOSHIKAWA, Susumu TSUDA, Tsuyoshi SHIMAOKA, Eisuke DOMAE, Aiko KAMADA, Takashi IKEO. Prevention of teainduced dental staining using cyclodextrins as food additives.

2. Tsuguo Shintani, Eisuke Domae, Yoshihiro Yoshikawa, Aiko Kamada, Takashi Ikeo. Effect of serine protease trypsin on the interaction of RANKL and RANK.

1. Susumu TSUDA, Hisatoshi YAMAO, Yoshihiro YOSHIKAWA, Hugo MARUYAMA, Akihiro KOMURA, Tetsuya SAKAE, Yurie SHINOZAKI, Tsuyoshi SHIMAOKA, Atsuko MISHIRO, Toshiko YANASE, Shinichi FUJIWARA. Chemical modification of hydroxyapatite with tricosafluorododecanoic acid.

1. Chika SHIMAMURA, Tetsuro HADA, Masahiro HAYATA, Mamoru UEMURA, Wataru KAWASHIMA, Isumi TODA. Ramification patterns of the subclavian branches as the subclavian artery passes through the scalenus anterior muscle.

2. Wataru KAWASHIMA, Mamoru UEMURA, Tadaaki KIRITA, Isumi TODA. Influence of patient age and time after tooth extraction on the number of odontoblasts.

3. Wataru KAWASHIMA, Mamoru UEMURA, Ichiro NISHIJIMA, Isumi TODA. Morphological influence of osteoporosis and bisphosphonate on the mandibular glands of rats.

4. Kaoru INAMI, Yuri HIGASHI, Kuo-Chiang CHEN, Takeshi KANAGAWA, Naoyuki MATSUMOTO. Prediction of dentofacial changes induced by an articulator intended for orthognathic surgery.

5. Takeshi KANAGAWA, Kaoru INAMI, Naoyuki MATSUMOTO. Morphological changes in the pharyngeal airway space following orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion and skeletal crossbite.

6. Yuka YASUI, Kayoko OTSUKA, Junko TANAKA, Masahiro TANAKA. Relationship between the number of gaze point fixations and the gaze point fixation time for foods in the young and elderly, using an eye tracker.

7. Masaya MIYAZONO, Katsunori TORII, Mayu YAMAMOTO, Junko TANAKA, Masahiro TANAKA. Evaluation of the impression imparted on others by a smile that shows the teeth, using the Semantic Differential Method.

8. Ryuhei KANDA, Norio MUKAI, Junko TANAKA, Masahiro TANAKA. Reference range for periodontal mechanosensitive thresholds in molars stimulated from the buccal and occlusal directions in healthy subjects with natural dentition.

9. Suguru FUJIKI, Katsunori TORII, Masaki SATO, Junko TANAKA, Masahiro TANAKA. Influence of the surface roughness of zirconia on the coefficient of static friction and retentive force of telescopic crowns.

10. Toshiki NAKAJIMA, Katsunori TORII, Takamasa FUJII, Junko TANAKA, Masahiro TANAKA. Retentive force of telescopic Ce-TZP/A crowns in water.