Depression is one of the most burdensome mental disorders, and effective treatments for depression are needed. This review highlights that the network perspectives of psychopathology can promote tailored therapies for depression and improve the quality of treatment. First, we discuss that depression heterogeneity can be depicted by quantitative data analyses. Second, we review two previous clustering approaches that have been utilized to develop tailored therapy for depression: the first is based on a staging model and the second focuses on depression subtypes. Third, we focus on models and analyses of psychopathology networks, which have recently received substantial attention in clinical psychology. We demonstrate that psychopathology network models view mental disorders as complex interplays of symptoms, and we introduce analytic procedures and previous studies based on these models. We then summarize differences and similarities between network and clustering approaches and discuss how psychopathology networks can further promote tailored therapies for depression. Finally, we discuss the requirements for the practical use of psychopathology networks from the perspectives of cost-effectiveness and collaboration of data scientists and clinicians.

Infancy is a sensitive period for language development. “When and how do humans acquire language?” is an important question for understanding developmental mechanisms and trajectories of language. However, this point remains poorly understood. In the current paper, I focused on the idea that social cognition is a key component of language acquisition, and reviewed the relationship between the audiovisual integration of speech (i.e., speech perception) and language development in infancy. I further discussed how factors such as parenting (i.e., adults’ speaking style) and preterm birth influence the development of speech perception and language. Based on these reviews, I proposed developmental mechanisms from speech perception to language acquisition and the future perspective of language development research.

Notices for opportune retrieval, internal representations of plans during retention, and the personal factors influencing the execution of planned actions are discussed in this study. Plans must be composed so that they can be implemented at appropriate times and situations in individuals’ daily lives while considering perceptual factors that are important for accomplishing them. For the remembering processes, we discussed spontaneous remembering, which is unique for prospective memory. Topics for the execution of planned actions, which have been discussed in relation to intention, were reconsidered as memory for future plans. For the retention processes, we discussed the activation of intention (i.e., prospective memory). Furthermore, we reviewed this process from the perspective of planning. Finally, we discussed personal traits for the execution of plans because implementation depends on personal traits such as thoughts, behaviors, and emotions. Understanding the mechanism of the daily execution of planned actions by focusing on notices, internal representations, and personal factors may mitigate the chances of forgetting and/or the failure of plans, and facilitate the development of useful strategies, based on emotional situations. It can promote an active daily life driven by self-efficacy.