Web survey had become popular method not only in business but academics. The validity of web survey for academic use, however, was not confirmed. In this study, responses of two questionnaire surveys, one was interview survey and the other was web survey, were compared to investigate the effect of survey methods. The results showed that respondents of web survey revealed lower concern about environmental problem and nuclear power plant problem, while there were little differences in risk perceptions. This difference was not explained by the bias in the demographic characteristics between two surveys.

There are many accidents in school every year. However, few studies examined the risk perception toward school activities. Present study investigated how college students perceive risks in school by means of questionnaire survey in psychometric paradigm. Respondents (n＝154) are asked two sets of items, one was to estimate how many fracture accidents are there in elementary school by physical activity per year, another was to evaluate the properties toward them. Analysis was conducted by TUCKER3 (Tucker, 1966). Results showed mainly three findings. (1) Three factors were extracted in scales (dreariness, controllability and educational value) and activities (extraordinary, contact and non-contact activity). (2) Core array showed four tendencies of risk perception. (3) Set gymnastics was considered as the cognitively biased activity in that educational value and dreariness has interaction effect to the estimation of fracture accidents. From those, unique circumstance education site has was discussed.

Numeracy is defined as the ability to understand and use mathematical and probabilistic concepts, and one of the central components of risk literacy. However, there were not so many studies about the effect of numeracy on fear after risk information was provided. This study conducted a nationwide online survey to investigate the effect of numeracy on fear when providing information about risk comparison: a method to compare same risks at different times. The reason why risk comparison was used is that it is one of the methods for communicating risk as probabilistic concept. Results showed that people with higher numeracy more decreased their fear after the level of risk decreased, while people with lower numeracy increased their fear. These results were obtained with two materials about radioactive substances in food and Tokyo inland earthquake.

This paper discusses the strategy for the implementation of the risk-based floodplain management in Japan. The Shiga Prefectural Government started the building regulation according to the simulated flood risk in 2017. In case that special distribution of the flood risk is estimated through the numerical simulation, the local governments are able to regulate the building according to the risk, even if it were under the existing law. Meanwhile the residents never accept such a regulation without sincere risk-communication with the professionals such as Government engineers.