One of the underground research centers for geological disposal of radioactive wastes is located in Horonobe, Hokkaido. The facility is regarded as NIMBY. When considering NIMBY, we face on protected values (PVs), those that resist tradeoffs with other values. Those of placing high PVs often refuse a dialogue, making it more complicated to build a consensus. However, PVs are lessened, given fair procedure adopted. Horonobe research center regularly hold a briefing of the project for public hearing, in which they put a chair in the hands of the opposition group. This episode is regarded as abandonment of authority control (AAC), one of the criteria of procedural fairness. A survey was conducted. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that PVs had a negative effect on the acceptance, however, interaction between PVs and AAC was significant, suggesting that those of high PVs tend to care about AAC and PVs can be lessened if they perceive the authority abandons control.

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It is thought that penetration of Next Generation Vehicle (NGV) will decrease human health risk by air pollution, however it is unknown that increasing of electric demand by using Electric Vehicle (EV) caused risk transference, a type of risk tradeoff, around thermal power generations. We aim to construct the model that can show human health impact distribution by both electric production and transportation considering NGV penetration. We applied this model for (re-)estimating NO_X density to 3 cases with the composition of 2010 and 2030 (future) passenger vehicles. Results show that (1) in the case of 39% EV prevalence, the number of patient who has respiratory disease decreased 486.4 people, and (2) from the comparison with the case of 10% EV prevalence, there was not risk transference like increasing patients around electric plant. And such benefit mainly enjoyed people in metropolitan area.

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There is a high probability that large-scale earthquakes will occur in Japan. As countermeasures, Japan's National Resilience is being promoted. However, since Japan has a declining and rapidly aging population, it is thought that conventional concepts and measures will not be adequate to cope with such crises. To increase individuals' chances for survival, a “National Residents' Resilience” is needed, and the new concept of “SAISEI” is being proposed to address this gap. Only victims' knowledge of “Survival Healthcare” will enable them to survive the situation without medical support. Preparations for the next crisis should not concentrate solely on response, but also on seamless disaster countermeasures, which are vital to medical care and healthcare. There is an urgent need to revolutionize existing disaster countermeasures. A “Health and Life Continuity Plan,” is presented, based on the utilization of Natural and Traditional Medicine, which can improve not just human health, but also life.

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Engineering systems have contributed to social development, however it is important to examine options for responding potential negative events. It is necessary to set the safety target of engineering systems in consideration of human damage and social risks.

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This paper presents safety of railway system, especially Japanese activities. The railway system has characteristics with exclusive guide way separated from the other transport system. The operation and management of railway system are well organized with specific organization. These are the principle of safety of railway and the more important thing is lesson learned from accidents. Not only improvement of the hardware such as safety traffic signal system, but also human related consideration as software are important to keep high qualities of safety in Japanese railway system. The more discussion will be expected for establishment of safety guideline for social risk and save of human life with consideration both of active and passive safety to reduce damage of accidents.

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