本研究の目的は，若年性認知症者へのボランティアに参加した経験をもつ看護大学卒業生を対象に若年性認知症者へのボランティアを通じた学びと，それが卒後の看護実践にどのような影響があるのかを明らかにし，教育実践としての意義と可能性を検討することである．結果，【若年性認知症者に対する理解の深化】【若年性認知症者との関わりに必要なスキルの習得】【家族介護者の介護負担の状況理解】【家族介護者への看護専門職としての支援のあり方】【若年性認知症者へのボランティア参加により芽生えた意識変化】【若年性認知症者へのボランティア参加を通じた学びの発展性】【若年性認知症者へのボランティア参加を通じた自己内省による気づき】の7カテゴリーが生成された．若年性認知症者の理解が深まり，関わりに必要なスキルの習得や家族介護者の問題や支援のあり方を考える機会になっていた．これらの学びは卒後の看護実践にも活用されていた．また看護学生は自己内省による自己への気づきがあり，主体性や学習意欲が向上していた．以上より認知症看護の教育上，意義のある学習支援方法になり得ると考えられる．

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本稿の目的は，近年，盛んに使われるようになった「顧客心理型コピー」の伝播力を測定し，その効果を実証的に明らかにすることである．とくに，「顧客心理型コピー」のうち，表現形式上，生の「つぶやき」の体裁を装っている「つぶやき型コピー」と，内言を言語化した「内言型コピー」との伝播力の差異を明らかにしたい．本調査では，文章表現コンクールの作品応募キャンペーンにからめて，過去の顧客心理型のキャッチコピー(文字主体のポスター)を大学構内の掲示板等に貼りめぐらし，学内の教職員・学生がQRコードから投稿できる仕組みを構築した．結果は，「顧客心理型コピー」に触発されて応募された全作品82件のすべてが「内言型コピー」であった．すなわち「つぶやき型コピー」に有意な伝播力は，まったく見出されず，消費者の胸の内を代弁したり，説明したりする，技巧的な「内言型コピー」の伝播力が優っていることが明らかになった．

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本研究の目的は，在宅で生活する終末期がん患者の主たる家族介護者の介護する力について記述することである．研究協力者は，在宅で終末期がん患者と共に生活する主たる家族介護者9 人であった．半構成面接法によりデータ収集を行い，質的分析を行った．その結果，9 カテゴリー： 《がん患者にとって“よい生活” になるように選択する》《家族介護者にとって後悔のない生活を選択する》 《家族生活の維持と介護を両立できるように調整する》《支えてくれる人がいることを認識できる》《ソーシャル・サポートを活用できる》《がん患者のペースに合わせる》《家族らしい時間を介護の糧にする》《自分の心の安定を保つ》《介護の大変さを客観視できる》が抽出された．家族介護者の介護する力とは，がん患者と家族の両者にとって望ましい生活を選択・調整できること，支援を認識・活用できること，家族らしさを糧にできること，自分の状況を客観視できることであった．

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The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a combined program for fifth‒grade elementary school students that would combine the domains of health and physical exercise in physical fitness within the physical education curriculum. This study revealed that, utilizing the “New Analysis Support System,” which analyzes the measurements obtained during physical fitness tests, clarified the goals of training for endurance running, and increased the children's attitude and cognition scores pertaining to physical education classes. Moreover, learning with the use of a teaching material called “Communication and Running” significantly improved individuals and groups of children's 5‒minute running records. Furthermore, regardless of the children's fondness for physical education classes, by recognizing the need to improve their own physical fitness and through motivated engagement in the training for endurance running, the children were able to enjoy endurance running and increase their ability of continuous movement. These results confirmed the effectiveness of the program. In addition, conducting physical fitness tests, analyzing the measurements, discovering issues by discussing the results of the analysis in health classes, and resolving the issues through physical education constitute an educational process that can be proposed as an example of “curriculum management.”

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本研究の目的は認知症高齢者と看護師相互のケア場面に焦点を当て,看護師が認知症高齢者の言動をどのようにとらえ,どのようなケア行動をしているのかを明らかにすることである.方法は介護老人保健施設で働く看護師10人を対象に,半構成的面接調査を行い質的記述的研究方法で分析した.看護師が認識するケアがうまくいったと思う場面での言動のとらえ方は《その人には強い思いがある》《その人の言動にはなにか理由がある》《人として当たり前の思いをもっている》《その人のもてる力を発揮していない》《楽しみが必要》であり,そのケア行動は《その人の意に沿った対応》《その人を気遣う対応》《その気になるように対応》《生きる意欲につなげる対応》のカテゴリーに分類された,ケアがうまくいかなかったと思う場面では《その人の言動にはなにか理由がある》《その人の思いがある》《認知症の人は相手の思いを察知する》ととらえながらも《認知症だから分からない》ととらえ,そのケア行動は《その人の意に沿わない対応》《その人は認知症だからという対応》《人としての尊厳を欠く対応》のカテゴリーに分類された.この結果から,どのようなケア場面においても,認知症ケアへの倫理感を育む必要があることの示唆を得た.

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The auxiliary verb "ker-i" indicates (conveys) the "lapse of time" in ancient Japanese narratives. "Ker-i" appears when past events occurs in the present time frame or when traditional folklore (legends) are being told in current vernacular (present day vernacular). Original inferential auxiliary verbs contain "-(a) m". In general, however, (Generally speaking), "mer-i", "nar-i", "ras-i" and "bes-i" are not inferential auxiliary verbs, but refers to (equals to) "evidential" (deductive), "presumptive", "indicative" and "imperative" respectively.

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本研究の目的は,児童養護施設入所児童を対象に行った,施設生活に関するインタビューの結果から,子どもたちが児童養護施設や職員に求めている生活の質,支援,役割について明らかにすることである.C児童養護施設(A県B市)の入所児童10人を対象に1対1の半構造化面接によってインタビューを行い,データを分析した.その結果,多くの子どもが,実家庭とは異質な施設生活に満足や喜びを感じており,物的環境の充実が子どもに与える影響の大きさが明らかになった.しかし,その一方で,施設生活の質の高さに満足すると同時に,多くの子どもが「できれば実家に帰りたい」という葛藤を持ち続けている実態も明らかとなった.また,子どもの感じる施設生活への満足度の高低には,子ども自身が施設内の人間関係をどうとらえているかが影響していることが明らかとなり,人間関係構築やコミュニケーションにおける職員の資質や力量が重要となることが分かった.さらに,多くの子どもが施設入所前/入所時の不安について語っており,アドミッション・ケアの充実の必要性が示唆された.

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This paper reports linguistic fieldwork and the setting of a psycholinguistic exper-
ment on Japanese Sign Language, the first language of Deaf people. The fieldwork
aimed to investigate sign language with some Deaf linguistic consultants. First, we
examined the linguistic environment around deaf people, which indicates that the age
of acquiring sign language and their bilingual condition should be considered. Sec-
ond, we investigated the matter of social status in which hearing researchers are the
majority who oppress Deaf people as a minority in society. Third, while setting up
a psycholinguistic task to collect linguistic data from several Deaf people, we found
issues that need to be solved, such as their bilingual environment and visual modality
dependence of their communication, and the linguistic elements of sign language. We
found a phenomena that, while looking away, Deaf people say something the addressee
cannot understand, but during eye contact with the addressee, almost all signs are
comprehensible.

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1. How did the human family appear on this earth? In this paper I approach this problem from the primatological point of view and treat it from the wider perspective of the evolution of subhuman societies. For this purpose I have selected four criteria which ought to distinguish the human family from the prehuman primate family. These are incest taboo, exogamy, community, and the economic division of labor between male and female. 2. The subhuman society is characterized by a cluster consisting of males and females. There are two levels in the formation of a cluster. In the lower level which is represented by the level of monkeys, consort relationship between males and females in a cluster is not fixed, while in the higher level which is represented by the level of apes, it is fixed as in the human society. A term "familioid" is proposed to designate the latter type of cluster in the ape society. 3. In most of the subhuman societies the male usually withdraws from the cluster in which he has been born before or after he reaches adolescence. This he does without being forced out by the leader of the cluster or his father. This induces him naturally to mate out (SLATER)-a form of exogamy (WHITE). On the other hand any incestuous behavior of a young male towards his mother has not been observed among Japanese monkeys. Therefore the Freudian explanation of the origin of incest and exogamy is highly dubious in so far as primatological evidences are concerned. 4. Each cluster of monkeys has its own territory, and there always exists an antagonistic relationship between two different clusters. Gibbons, though they are apes, still remain at this level of territorial organization. Among the familioids of gorillas, however, we can recognize the neighborhood relationship (IMANISHI, 1949). Though the neighborhood relationship must surely be the forerunner of human community, we can find no instance of cooperation between familioids such as is observed between human families. 5. Through the neighborhood relationship a young male withdrawn from his native familioid may be accepted by some other familioid with which he is acquainted without being repelled by the male head. There he can also find a spouse (spouses), one or more young females from his own generation. Thus two fixed consort relationships of different generations are established in one familioid. As a consequence within a particular familioid, not only father-daughter incest and son-in-law-mother-in-law adultery must be avoided, but mother-son incest and brother-sister incest must also be avoided in order that these two fixed consort relationships may be maintained. I would suggest as a hypothesis that the forerunners of incest taboo, exogamy and community organization might all have been formed in this way without verbal communication, awaiting their future institutionalization and elaboration with the invention of human speech. 6. No trace of economic division of labor can be found on the familioid level. The earliest division of labor may probably have originated in the mode of life in which the male hunted animals in the savannah while the female collected vegetables in the forest, at some time in the past when they lived a conjugal life in the borderland between the savannah and the forest. 7. When the man together with his women and children migrated out from the forest to the savannah, hitherto separate human families must have been concentrated into a band in accordance with the law of concentration (IMANISHI, 1950). Under these circumstances cooperation for survival among them may have been carried out more decisively. Present-day food-gatherers who are still organized in terms of simple families, uncomplicated by other structural features, may represent examples of secondary adaptation, and not of the primary adaptation described above.

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