The Japanese government decided the greenhouse gas emission reduction target for 2030 as an Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs). This study evaluated the target in terms of ambitions, international comparability, and long-term goals for climate change mitigation. Comparing with the historical data analyses on electricity elasticity of GDP not only in Japan but also in major EU countries, the assumed electricity demands in the INDCs are small, and consequently the emission reduction costs are estimated large. The marginal abatement cost for achieving the target is about 260-380
$/tCO
2. The emission reduction target of Japan is very ambitious in terms of several indicators measuring emission reduction efforts, such as CO
2 emission per GDP, marginal abatement cost, emission reduction cost per GDP, among those of major countries who have already submitted their INDCs. In addition, in order to evaluate a consistency of emission reduction efforts in 2030 with a long-term emission reduction, the emission reduction cost per GDP for 2030 was compared with that for 2050 for halving global emissions in 2050 with equal marginal abatement costs among all countries. The cost of INDCs in 2030 was evaluated to be almost the same as that in 2050.
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