送水中のラインが今回の地盤によって被災した。ここでは南方幹線排水路を取上げ, 被災状況・被災原因を調査し復旧工法を検討した。当該水路は口径1650mmの鉄筋コンクリート管を使用し, 軟弱地盤上にサンドベッド工法によって施工されたものである。土質試験は埋戻土・サンドベッド, 基盤について漏水カ所・非漏水カ所に分けて行い, あわせて, サンドベッドの物性値について検討した。

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煙草主流煙中の主要な3項目の汚染物質濃度を測定した。一酸化炭素濃度を指標にすることによって, 吸引流速が0.3～0.4l/minのとき不完全燃焼の程度が最も少ないことが認められた。窒素酸化物, 一酸化炭素及びアセトアルデヒド換算値は吸引流速が0.7l/minのときのほうが0.35l/minのときより濃度が高いことがわかった。
また, 市販の煙草用の除去効果を調べたところ, 一酸化炭素の除去率は平均6%, アセトアルデヒド換算値の除去率は平均14%であった。

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1954年にわが国で製造されていた紙巻6種,刻3種及びそれらの屑,葉巻1種及び2種の21の製造工場の製品について,TMVの含まれている状態を研究した。紙巻は実験した126例中123例(97%),刻は42例中36例(86%),屑はそれぞれ124例(98%)及び41例(98%),葉巻は3例中3例,の日光は3例中3例TMVが検出された。桃山は3例中にいずれも検出されなかつたが,そのうちの焦がしてない黄色の成分からは検出された。N. glutinosaを用いたlocal lesion法による結果では,紙巻と刻,及び各々とその屑の間の濃度の差には,一定の傾向は認められなかつた。ゴールデンバット新生及び光の3例の濃度は同一重量の罹病生葉に含まれる量の5×10-4～10-4であつた。罹病生葉の汁液は10-6まで病原性をもつから,伝染原としてはかなりの濃度であろう。電子顕微鏡による観察では,製品から抽出して精製したTMVの長さの分布は,紙巻を接種したタバコ及びTMVの普通系を接種したタバコからとつたTMVとほぼ同様であつたが,前2者には短い粒子の多い傾向があつた。

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長さ4m,内径1.7cmの水道用塩ビの一端にイヤホンをとりつけ,パルス状の音を出す.このイヤホンから4cmはなれたところにマイクロホンをつけ,イヤホンから直接くる音と内を往復して返ってくる音をキャッチする.この直接音と反射音をオッシロスコープの画面に現し,この時間間隔を読みとって,音速値を計算する.のなかには二酸化炭素などの気体を入れて,そのなかでの音速を求めることもできるし,の他端を金属板などで閉じたり開いたりして,固定端や自由端での音の反射の位相変化を観察することもできる.この実験は簡単に実施できるし,結果も良好である.本稿ではその結果を中心にして報告し,高校物理における教卓実験としての教材化について述べる.

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Vital-microscopic observations on the microcirculatory system in transparent chambers installed in the ear lobe of normal male rabbits fed ad libitum 1.5% cholesterol-supplemented diet and given two times a day tobacco smoke from 5mm length cigarette during 4 weeks, were as follows.
Adhesiveness of circulating leukocytes especially to venular walls was remarkably enhanced even in the first day of cholesterol feeding and the increased adhesiveness persisted throughout the experiment period: masses of adhering leukocytes sometimes looked like parietal microthrombi but no platelets appeared to participate in forming the thrombuslike structure. After about 1 week's cholesterol feeding, abnormal grouping of circulating erythrocytes and swelling of venular endothelia were developed concurrently with the increased adhesiveness of leukocytes: sludging or rouleau formation occurred even in flowing blood.
After about 2 weeks' cholesterol feeding, in addition to the changes in behaviors of intravascular cellular elements, interstitial tissues surrounding the vascular net became markedly proliferated in the shape of sponges or broccoliflowers: the contour of vasculatures was obscure due to the proliferation at the end of the experiment.
A transient increase in adhesiveness of intravenular leukocytes was induced by single inhalations of tobacco smoke either with or without filtration of total particulate matters. Inhalations of both kinds of tobacco smoke combined with cholesterol feeding appeared to accelerate the cholesterol-induced microcirculatory changes.

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Rabbits were given cholesterol (CH) (1.5% CH supplemented diet ad libitum) and tobacco smoke (inhalation of smoke from 5mm length cigarette with or without glass fiber filter, two times a day), separately or in combination, for 4 weeks.
Plasma HDL-CH levels in CH fed rabbits elevated in first two weeks then lowered gradually, while total CH, TG, and FFA increased significantly towards the end of experiment. Those increases in blood lipids by CH diet were inhibited by tobacco smoke inhalation, and especially by filtered smoke increase in atherogenic index (A. I) was only slight. Inhalations of both kinds of smoke induced a significant decrease in HDL after 2 weeks and increases in CH and A. I after 4 weeks.
Corticoids (CD) in blood increased in CH fed rabbits either with or without tobacco smoke inhalation but showed no change in rabbits given tobacco smoke alone. As the adrenal weight increased by the CH diet, adrenal CS level per weight was lower in CH fed group, but total CS content in adrenals was not affected by CH diet.
Adrenaline content increased both in blood and adrenals by both kinds of tobacco smoke seemed to be lowered. CH diet inhibited the increment of adrenaline (A) in adrenals. Noradrenaline (NA) increased only in adrenals of rabbits inhalated tobacco smoke.
In summary, increases in blood lipids, blood and adrenal (A). and adrenal (NA) were resulted by tobacco smoke inhalation. Simultaneous application of CH diet inhibited the increase in blood lipids, however the mechanism of this combined effect was left for further researches.

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Normal male rabbits of which ear lobes had been installed a transparent round-table chamber for vital-microscopic observation of the cutaneous microcirculation were fed a cholesterol-supple-mented (1.5%, w/w) diet for a period of 12 weeks. A marked lipid accumulation in the wall of aorta was noticed at the end of the cholesterol loading during which an enormous elevation of LDL-cholesterol levels in plasma was observed concurrently with anemic findings on macrocirculatory blood and changes in intravascular behaviors of cellular components of microcirculatory blood. The anemic findings included decreases in erythrocyte counts, hematocrit values, and hemoglobin concentrations and increases in erythrocyte sedimentation rates as well as in carboxyhemoglobin concentrations. The intramicrovascular changes included enhancement of adhesiveness of circulating leukocytes showing thrombus-like formations on the wall of vessels and/or obstructions of vascular lumens and abnormal erythrocyte aggregation such as rouleau formation and sludging. Both the macrocirculatory and microcirculatory changes, in combination with the elevated LDL-cholesterol in blood, appeared to suggest to facilitate the atherogenic process through an increased permeability of the arterial endothelium resulted from the systemic anemia and local hypoxia due to the disturbance of oxygen supply of erythrocytes caused by the leukocyte adhesion to the wall of vessels. Although cigarette smoke inhalation alone (repeated two times a day in a dose of 5mm length of cigarette burnt for one smoking session) did not induce any appreciable changes in lipids in the aorta as well as in the biochemical measurements, during the same experimental period, inhalations of filtered (with glass fiber Cambridge filter) or non-filtered smoke concurrent with cholesterol feeding induced more or less alteration of the aortic accumulation of cholesterol and the macro- and microcirculatory findings on blood. Particularly the gase phase substances or carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke appeared to have exacerbating influences on the dietary atherogenic process.

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近年創薬の世界では、抗体医薬を筆頭に核酸医薬や遺伝子治療に至るまでモダリティーの多様化が進んでいる。これはそれぞれのプラットフォーム技術の飛躍的な進歩と治療ニーズの高度化によると考えられる。そのような中で低分子医薬は未だ治療薬の主役として使われており、各社の開発

ラインを見ても低分子が大きな割合を占めている。このような状況下で、さらに低分子創薬の世界を大きく広げることが期待される技術が見出され、これまで不可能であった創薬標的に対する新薬が生み出されつつある。ここでは低分子創薬のポテンシャルについて概説し、次に新しい技術の主なものについて、その特徴と活用状況について紹介する。

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Four systems of automatic ventilation control for tobacco curing plastic house were studied in 1976 and in 1977.
Tobacco leaves were harvested and hanged at intervals of 5 days and proceeded to be air-cured for 10 days in each plastic house.
The ventilator operation was controlled by the dry-bulb temperture (35°C) at the house No. 1, by the wet-bulb temperature (31°C) at the house No. 2, by the dew point (30°C) at the house No. 3 and by the dew point (28°C) in 1976 and by the relative humidity (75%) in 1977 at the house No. 4.
Results obtained were as follows:
1. Dried leaves had normal appearance but different smoking taste in these four systems. The leaves with normal taste were only obtained by the dew point control at 30°C.
2. Precise control was performed by the dew point control and wet-bulb control. Proper ventilation was not operated in the daytime but the humidity stayed at the level lower than the aim at the house of relative humidity control.
3. The ratio of evaporative energy to total effective solar radiation at the house of dense hanging was higher than that at the house of thin hanging, and decreased in accordance with the number of curing days or the moisture contents of tobacco leaves.
4. The ratio has a practical meaning at the decision of reasonable hanging density.

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Leaf tobacco cultivation in eary growing season has been based on the cover-culture technique. Young tobacco plants, after transplanted to field, are generally covered with polyethylene-film or melamin coated paper, and tightly closed in the cover-culture. Under such enviromental closed system, the ploblems which should be clarified are that what kind of methods and materials for cover-culture are required in order to protect young plants from frost or low temperature and to make photosynthetic condition favorable for promorting the growth of plants. As the first approach to this problems, we carried out the work with the purpose of how to manage the photosynthesis of young tobacco plants under the eviromental closed system on the field. (1) The photosynthesis, plant respiration and some enviromental factors under the cover-culture which has been brought into practical use in early season cultivation of leaf tobacco were measured on the field. The cover-culture has been found generally in Kyushu district and many other production area of leaf tobacco, and the ordinary cover-materials were polyethylene-film and melamin coated paper. (2) The diagram for measuring was based on the circulation system of the air (closed system); the air in the cover-culture was circurated through two chambers both of photosynthesis and soil respiration, and on the process of air circuration photosynthesis of tobacco plants and soil respiration were measured separately and simultaniously. Besides, by passing the outside air through the chamber (open system), the photosynthesis, soil respiration and plant respiration were measured to compare them with the results of the closed system. (3) In the closed system of the cover-culture, CO₂ concentration decreased as plants grew and the day went by. In addition, the heigher the air temperature rises in. day time, the more the amount of plant respiration increased. Consequently, the photosynthesis were strongly surpressed; the amount of photosynthesis per plant never increased or rather decreased in spite of growing of plants during the latter half of covering period, and the amount of photosynthesis per unit leaf area remarkably decreased as the leaf area per plant increased. (4) In the open system of the cover-culture, the photosynthesis per plant remakably increased and the rate of plant respiration decreased relatively. The amount of apparent photosynthesis per plant was, 2.6 times that of closed system at the end of covering period. (5) The greater amount of soil respiration was obtained when the air of low CO₂ concentration was sent to the chamber of soil respiration in the closed system as compared to the open system. The amount of soil respiration which goes in such closed system should be grasped not only as the biochemical activity of soil micro-organism, but also the diffusion of CO₂ from soil to the ground. (6) CO₂ concentration under the cover-culture could be an index of degree of causal relation between photosynthesis and soil respiration. (7) Covering method which would positively produce enviromental conditions favourable for photosynthesis under the cover-culture in early season cultivation of leaf tobacco should be re-discussed on the following viewpoints; giving the air of heigher CO₂ concentration to tobacco plants; promoting soil respiration; and not giving rise to excessive air temperature.

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