Dopo il ritorno di Lorenzo il Magnifico da Napoli, egli si dedico completamente alla riforma costituzionale. Nell'aprile 1480, una proposta per la fondazione di una Balia comincio a essere discussa dalla Signoria e fu in seguito approvata. Alla Balia fu concessa l'autorita di realizzare tutte le riforme che sembravano necessarie. Questo fu la causa di un cambiamento importante nella costituzione fiorentina. Il Consiglio dei Settanta era composto di 30 memebri ordinari della Balia e di 40 altri scelti da essi. Al Consiglio dei Settanta fu affidato il controllo di fatto su tutti i rami del governo. Allora, qual'era il vero e reale ruolo del Consiglio dei Settanta? quale era stata l'intenzione di Lorenzo il Magnifico nel fare tali riforme costituzionali? Nel mio articolo, vorrei schiarire questi punti.

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健常者の左手と右手の重回帰分析を行った結果, 単相関行列においても偏相関行列においても, 危険率1%あるいは危険率5%の相関がほぼなく, 左手の四変数あるいは右手の四変数は, ほぼ独立変数であることが判った。また片麻痺患者の健側と比較するため, 健常者の左手と健常者の右手のどちらを選択するかの必要があり, それぞれの単相関行列と偏相関行列を検討した結果, 健常者の左手の方がより良いことが判った。さらに健常者の左手と片麻痺患者の健側の判別分析を行った結果, 判別関数式は, 以下のS―S間隔 (脈間隔), S―P時間 (動脈立上時間), S―C時間 (駆出時間), Dh/Ch% (切痕有無) の関数として表現できることが判った。
Z=(2.330E-05)S-St+(-5.329E-02)S-Pt+(-5.151E-03)S-Ct+(1.339E-02)Dh/Ch%+6.947
健常者と片麻痺患者の判別境界値は, 0.391である。すなわち, 判別得点が判別境界値未満の場合は, 脳血管障害傾向があり, 判別得点が判別境界値以上の場合は, 健常者傾向があるとの, 総合判断が可能となった。

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Public investment is one of the most effective administrative measures by which the central government controls local government. This phenomenon is particularly evident in the case of regional development policy since the 1950's. The author seeks to determine the extent of the changes in local party organizations and activities under the pressure of the regional development policy. The conservative party's local chapters have been changing from the traditional “solid” machines based on traditional communities and developing into “functional vote-getting” machines. The leadership of the Socialist Party's local chapters has been swiftly shifting from farmers' unions to labor unions. Policy differences are also reflected: the conservatives stress direct connection between the central and local governments, whereas the socialists strive for close relationship between local government and local inhabitants. However, in general, local government clearly reflects the deficiencies of the central government.
1. National policy and local politics.
2. The Liberal Democratic Party—organization and role of the prefectural federation of local chapters; endorsement process of party candidates for public offices; prefectural assemblymen and Diet representatives; candidate-supporting associations; professionalization of prefectural assemblymen; realignment of conservative control.
3. The Socialist Party—local organizations; daily activities; electioneering; system power and movement power.

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This Research was carried into effect by Synthetic Social Science Association of Tokushima University, extending over July and August in 1956. The participators in this work is as follows. Professors 3, Assistant Professors 2, and students 34. This work was supported by Prefecture Election Administration Committee and Local Autonomy Agency. Hiradani (Mountain Village), Yuki (Fishing Village), Minamiinoue (Farm Village) were selected as investigative districts in this research.
The subject of investigation was selected by random sampling (1/17) from the voter's list.
The principal department of investigative questions is as follows.
1. Environment
2. Elective Consciousness
3. Political Consciousness
4. Self-Governing Consciousness
These theme were investigated about forty paragraphs. And the result was added much more deeply by actual analysis and minute examination from the point of region, sex, school career, occupation and class distinction. When this field work was carried on, together with interviews and inquires one by one by the student investigators, General research and hearing was also carried on by investigative professors.
Concerning to various elections of House of Representatives Governor, Members of Prefectural Assembly, Mayer of Towns and Villages, Members of Town and Village Assembly this study was consequently complicated fairly.
As soon as the result of this research was published openly in book form, called forth a big echo in the central political world and the reportorial world. And then called forth an echo in the House of Representatives, House of Councillors, Members of two Houses, Election Administration Commission of the whole country, local political world and the others. Many encouragement was given to us from all quarters. Honorable Mention from Fair Election Propulsion Headquarters, Miki-Koraku Prize from Miki-Korakukai were given to us.
The object and meaning of this research
Informal human relations, social relations, group relations in the election (Voting Behavior), and Pre-Modernity, Feudalism, Emotional peculiarity bring about most meaning title of a study in the field of sociological study. The political, elective consciousness (Voting Behavior) of Electors in a Farm Mountain, Fishing Villages, are generally lower than its of City electors, Functional Corporation and Union Members. and also in Voting Behavior, they are more scarce on independency, bound by Emotional, Irrational Motive, weak to external pressure.
The questioning paragraphs in this research
1. Which do you select political-party or person ?
2. Principal reasons you selected the candidate.
3. At what period did you select the candidate ?
4. Main motives (moment) you select the candidate.
5. About the Floating-Vote, Family-Vote Organization-Vote.
6. Corruption and Donation.
7. About the betterment of elective method.
8. Fair Election and its movement.
9. The degrees of interest in all kinds of election.
10. Judgement to Labour Unions.
11. Judgement to the Amendment of the National Constitution.
12. Mass Communication.
13. Measurement of self-governing and political consciousness.
14. Political need to State Prefecture, City, Town and Village.
15. Trend of Family-Vote.
16. Trend of Women's Vote.
17. Conservation and Innovation.
18. Abstention from Voting, Abstention rate.

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本稿は，地方分権改革の推進要因について，国会議員に焦点を当てた分析を行う。つまり，改革の推進アクターとして国会議員を位置づけた上で，どのような国会議員が地方分権を志向する政策選好を有しているのかを明らかにする。そこで注目するのは，議員の選挙時の公約である。具体的には，衆議院議員総選挙の候補者が，個人の公約の中で行っている地方分権と地方分権改革に関する言及の状況について，規定要因を分析していく。分析の結果からは，選挙制度改革以降，公約中における言及が増加しているほか，二大政党化が議員の言及を増加させている点が示される。同時に，議員個々の選挙における強さや選挙区環境の違いもまた，地方分権への言及を規定している点が明らかにされる。一連の分析を通して，地方分権改革の推進者としての国会議員の姿を明らかにする。

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The Japanese political system in its present form emerged in 1955 when the socialists and conservatives unified their respective camps in quick succession, forming a two-party system controlled by the conservatives. The socialists and other opposition parties, . however, have exerted unremitting and increasing pressure on the conservative party, Rapid economic and social developments have also brought considerable pressure to bear on the conservative party system, with industrialization and urbanization eroding the traditional conservative strongholds. These pressures have compelled the party to face the question of party organization reforms, particularly since 1960. The author discusses three issues raised by the reforms. First, he mentions the dissolution of intraparty factions during the Ikeda government; second, political fund raising organizations, with particular emphasis on the Economic Reconstruction Debate Association and the National Association; and third, the education of party officials and the local party agent system. The party's role in the process of policy-making is then analyzed with respect to the Party Policy Investigation Board, the revision of the Japan-U. S. Security Treaty in 1960, and the Ikeda cabinet's Income Doubling Plan and New Industrial Cities Plan.
1. The conservative party since 1955.
2. Problems of party organization-party and factions; political contributions and the business circles; party headquarters and chapters.
3. The conservative party and the policy-making process-the Party Policy Investigation Board and governmental bureaucracy; case studies of foreign and domestic policy formulation.

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