THIS PAPER AIMS TO CLARIFY THE INTENTION OF BOTH LOCAL VIILAGERS AND CITY DWEILERS FOR COUNTRYSIDE LANDSCAPE, IN ORDER TO FIND A CLUE TO ORGANIZE A CONSERVATION SYSTEM AND BODY BY PARTNERSHIP. KOHDACHI IN YAO CITY WAS SURVEYED, SINCE THIS AREA STILL RETAINS THE LOCAL LANDSCAPE. RESULTS SHOWS MOST ANSWERS OF BOTH VILLAGERS AND CITY DWELLERS WANT TO CONSERVE REMAINING LANDSCAPE COMPOSED OF MOUNTAINSIDE WOODLAND SLOPES, TERRACED FIELDS AND TRADITIONAL FARMHOUSES. IT BECOME APPARENT THE VILLAGERS EXPECT VOLUNTARY ACTIVITIES, AND NOT A FEW CITY DWELLERS ARE WILLING TO PARTICIPATE THE CONSERVATION PRACTICE.

抄録全体を表示

The writer intended to study the changes of regional structures in Yao after the industrial revolution of Japan in terms of the side jobs (subsidiary industries) of the inhabitants. After the industrial revolution, which began in 1890's, the great cities as Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya have expanded so much that the surrounding areas of the cities have been changed in an amazing speed by way of the urbanization. Yao was also one of them.
Yao stuaties in the southeastern suburb of Osaka built-up areas, about ten kilometers from the city center. Its area (Yao, Higashi Osaka City) is about 100km²., and there extend marshy lowlands between Osaka and Ikoma Mts., in either side of Previous Yamato River. In the period from the late Feudal Days to 1880's, cotton cultivation and cotton industries in small scale had flourished there, but the introduction of the modern industries in Osaka has changed remarkably the areal structures of the surrounding areas, especially that of Yao. The traditional side jobs in Yao inevitably altered their contents. Semboku, which lies in the southern suburbs at the similar distance from Osaka, has experienced the different changes from Yao. And why?
The results of this study are as follows:
1) The cotton cultivation and cotton industries in Yao have entirely vanished in 1880's and in Wakae, Shibukawa and Shiki, which are in the northwestern and Southern part of Yao, new side jobs as making buttons, planting animal hair to tooth brushes, putting a label on match boxes, which were all related to the modern industries in Osaka, were introduced. But such changes have not occurred in Semboku.
2) This owed to the early decline of cotton cultivation in Yao and there were much of cheaper labor force as the results of the decline. On the contrary, in Semboku, there has remained many side jobs as sugar refining, bleaching of cotton cloth, seed oil refining which had begun already in the late Feudal Days.
3) It is very interesting to see that the side jobs such as the production of glass lenses and watch glasses, which was directly introduced from Osaka, were in the western part of Yao and the production of hammocks and knitting had a relation with the old traditional industry of cotton cultivation of Yao itself.
4) Taking advantage of these new side jobs, Yao have afterwards developed into the suburban industrial region of Osaka.

抄録全体を表示

市町村のごみ担当部局では，廃棄物の減量・資源化の方法として，家庭での食品廃棄物の堆肥化や水切りを啓発している。しかし，実際の堆肥化の可能性や水切りによる減量効果についてはよく把握しないまま啓発が続けられている場合が少なくない。そこで，家庭から排出される食品廃棄物の排出実態を，1袋ごとに展開して把握し，その結果を統計的に整理した。その結果，食品廃棄物はレジ袋に入れて排出されることが多く、未利用食品の排出が食品廃棄物の排出量の増加に寄与することがわかった。さらに，未利用食品の排出は，全体の2割の世帯で8割の未利用食品を排出していることがわかった。また，水切り袋を排出する際にレジ袋に包んで排出したり，二重三重に包んだりする割合が多いことがわかった。そこで，家庭へのごみ減量の啓発の際には，水切りを啓発すると同時に水切り後にレジ袋に入れずに排出することをPRしていくことが望まれる。

抄録全体を表示

本研究はローカル・リモートセンシングによる河川・湖沼・沿岸等の流れ場の精密な画像計測技術の開発を目的としている. 淀川三川合流部の宇治川で試験計測を行った. 国土交通省のヘリコプター「きんき号」を用いて上空300mからビデオカメラで水面を撮影した. トレーサーとして直径15cmの多数の煎餅を撒いた. それにより表面流速分布を求め, ボートに積んだ超音波流速計による計測結果と比較することにより, 実用上の多くの問題点が明らかになった. 例えば, コンピューターによる自動解析では, さざ波に対する光の反射とトレーサー粒子を分別することができなかった. これらの課題に対する解決法を検討した.

抄録全体を表示

筆者らは，全ての自治体で適正なごみ質調査が実施されることを目的として，調査手法や調査担当者の研修方法などの一連の検討を進めている。その中で，本稿では，特に分類項目に着目し，実際のごみ排出現場での実験的調査を行い，分類項目の設定の考え方による調査の信頼性・妥当性への影響について検討した。 ごみ質調査の精度は，分類項目の設定とサンプリング量や採取する袋の選び方などのサンプリング条件によって影響を受ける。 検討対象として資源化可能な4品目を選定し，家庭から排出されたごみ袋を1袋ずつ分析して出現量を把握し，その結果の出現の傾向やバラツキを観察した。

抄録全体を表示

Recent observations have shown a great decrease in the levels of atmospheric lead concentrations in cities in Japan today compared with levels in the 1950's, probably due to rigid control of lead discharge from factories and the promotion of lead-free gasoline in particular. We attempted to estimate the amount of lead inhaled and absorbed by the human body in Japan today. With the average atmospheric lead concentration in the average Japanese city today at about 0.1μg/m³, we obtained the values of 1.6 to 2.2μg/day for the amount of lead inhaled and 0.8 to 1.1μg/day for the amount of lead absorbed by the average Japanese adult.

抄録全体を表示

This paper evaluated the results of a field test for grou ndwater remediation by in-situ bioremediation at a site contaminated by tetrachloroethylene. The technique carried out in this test uses reductive dechlorination of contaminant in a subsurface environment. In the observation well during the field test, the percentages of daughter products like dichloroethylenes were observed to increase with the rise in reductive condition of the aquifer. Moreover, it was shown that the first order rate constants of all substances became greater than those of natural groundwater by more than a few orders. This meant that the reductive dechlorinataions could be accelerated during the field test.

抄録全体を表示

In the steel structures consisted of tubular column and H-shaped beams, it is important to proportion the details of connections which should have sufficient load carrying capacity and appropriate rigidity for the transverse force to column walls caused by the normal stresses of beam flanges. To predict the local behavior of those connections analytically, however, is quite difficult. The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the local failure of tubular column to H-beam connections stiffened with ring stiffeners experimentally. The local failure means here the failure of connections that is caused by the normal force of beam flanges, which includes the local collapse of tubes and the fracture of ring stiffeners as well as welds therein. The factors affecting the local failure are the diameter-thickness ratio of tubes and the shape and dimension of both stiffeners and beam flanges, in addition to the material properties of them. For an investigation on the effect of each factor affecting the local failure experimentally, it is necessary that a number of various connections have to be tested. So, in this paper simplified models are used as the test specimens. They are simulated practical interior beam to column connections in rigid frames under vertical loads. The work reported in this paper clears the effects of the dimensional parameters on the local strength of the connections qualitatively and will be used for deriving the empirical formulae to predict the strength in the succeeding paper.

抄録全体を表示

Though there are many studies of cerebrovascular accidents from etiological point of view, few have been reported concerning impacts of daily life to cerebrovascular accidents from the view point of public health.
The author examined the interactions between human factors and his environment in the cases of cerebrovascular accidents in two areas and one group of workers.
The 227 objects were selected to discuss from the patients and the dead in two rural areas by examining answeres to questionnaires, medical records by doctors, and dath certificates.
The results are as follows.
1) There was a difference of incidence of cerebrovascular accidents between those two areas it was 4.35 per 1, 000 adults over 40 years in Kayo, whereas 6.20 in Yao.
2) Cerebrovascular accidents often occurred at either dinning and bath room in the evening or toilet in the midnight.
3) The impacts of climate was not clear in Yao where the climate is calm, on the conrary there were observed two peaks of incidence in summer and winter in Kayo where the climate is sever.
4) There were found more frequently cerebral hemorrahge than cerebral thrombosis among male farmers in those two areas.
5) The author pointed out that not only natural impacts but also soci-economical and cultural background to cerebrovascular accidents must be discussed, such as organization of labour and so forth.
6) There were observed the evidence that chronic CS₂ exposure resulted in high incidence of hypetention and cerebrovascular accidents.

抄録全体を表示

　アンチモンのヒト健康リスク評価を目的として大気中濃度の推定とヒトへの曝露評価を行った。大気中濃度は大気拡散モデルAIST-ADMERを用いて全国5kmグリッドに分けて推定した。アンチモンの排出源としては事業所,火力発電所,廃棄物処理場,自動車を考慮し,各排出量を各種統計情報に基づいて面的に配分した。大気中濃度の推定結果をこれまで報告されている測定結果と比較し,沿道以外はおおむね良好に推定できることを確認した。沿道については自動車からの寄与により局所的に高濃度になると考えられるため,ADMERサブグリッドモジュールを用いて100mグリッドでの濃度推定を行った。サブグリッド解析による沿道推定濃度と沿道地点の実測濃度を比較すると,5kmグリッド解析による結果と比べてより実測値を良好に再現できるようになり,沿道濃度の推定に効果的であることが明らかとなった。推定された曝露濃度と人口の分布はリスク評価に活用される事が期待される。

抄録全体を表示