相変化書き換え型光ディスクは,カルコゲナイド(酸索以外のVI族元素を含む材料)薄膜の結晶化とアモルファス化を応用した光ディスクである.オーバーライト(重ね書きによる書き換え)機能とCD互換性をもつ, PD, CD-RW, 2.6GBおよび4.7GB/面の書き換え形DVDを実現している.ディスク構成材料と構造の改良により,書き換え100万サイクルを達成.カルコゲナイド材料は光学特性の波長依存姓が小さく,青色レーザーによる18Gbit/in²の記録密度を実現でき,さらなる密度の拡張性を有する.

抄録全体を表示

The main pharmacological action of distigmine bromide is to bind with choline esterase to inactivate it and increase the activity of acetylcholine. However, few studies have previously described the extent of distigmine bromide' s effect on the living body. In this study, the effect of distigmine bromide on serum choline esterase was examined in 119 patients with rectal cancer.
Neurogenic bladder developed in 40.3% of the patients who received surgery for rectal cancer, and 50.3% of them were treated with distigmine bromide. Although this treatment reduced the serum choline esterase levels by 30.1%, on average, the rate of reduction varied among the patients.
When comparing the rate of reduction of choline esterase in patients aged 65years of age or older with those less than 65years of age, the rate was found to be higher in the older group. Diarrhea, which is one of the effects of excess distigmine bromide, was observed in 33.3%, and the rate of reduction for serum choline esterase was higher in those with diarrhea.
Distigmine bromide should be carefully administered, particularly in old patients, while closely monitoring the serum choline esterase levels and the occurrence of possible digestive symptoms. Such observations are also important for preventing a cholinergic crisis

抄録全体を表示

相変化光ディスクはアモルファス(非晶質)状態のマークと結晶状態の間の反射率の変化を検出して信号再生を行う。この特徴により、凹凸ピツトからの反射率変化を検出する再生専用の光ディスクであるCD-ROM, DVD-ROMと両方扱えるドライブシステムが可能になる。現在製品化されている相変化光ディスクの記録密度は、0.6Gbit/in^2であるが、薄型ディスク基板(0.6mm)の採用、大きい開口数(NA=0.6)の光学系の適用、さらにランド/グルーブ記録およびPWM(Pulse Width Modulation)の記録方式の導入により、2.6Gbit/in^2の記録密度の向上が可能である。相変化記録膜(GeTe-Sb_2Te_3-Sb)の光学定数のレーザ波長依存性を調べた結果、青色レーザ(λ=430nm)の短波長までの応答性があり、将来この波長の適用により、現在の10倍以上(7Gbit/in^2----10Gbit/in^2)の高密度化拡張性が見込まれている。

抄録全体を表示

It has been noted that the contents of trace elements in hairs vary with difference of position in the same head, age, sex, hair cosmetic treatment and enviromental pollution. This paper describes the rapid analytical method of calcium in small hair segments (1 cm) using flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the variation of calcium content in the hairs with the permanent wave treatment. Calcium was determined with the rocovery of 99% by ashing in platinum crucible followed by dissolving the residue in water by stirring with the glass covered magnetic spin bar. Loss of calcium was observed when the porcelain crucible or the glass flask was used as ashing ware, and the tefron covered magnetic spin bar caused contamination of calcium. The analytical results obtained by this method agreed with those of the other investigators determined by neutron activation analysis or atomic absorption analysis. In the hairs which had never permanent-waved the calcium concentrations were 200-1000 ppm and showed a general tendency to increase slightly from the root to the distal end of the hair. On the other hand, the permanent-waved hairs showed higher calcium concentrations (2000-4500 ppm). Adsorption of calcium on the treated hairs was dependent on pH, showing that after the hair previously treated with permanent wave reagents were soaked in city water (pH 6.8) calcium content increased and that no significant increase was observed by soaking in acidic calcium solution (pH 3). Calcium adsorbed on the treated hairs was removed by soaking in dilute hydrochloric acid (1→20). The above results suggested that permanent wave treatment is responsible for increasing ionexchangeable calcium in the hair.

抄録全体を表示

抗コリンエステラーゼ(抗ChE)剤である臭化ジスチグミンにより,急性呼吸不全をきたした1例を経験した。症例は70歳,男性で,1991年より前立腺肥大症のため臭化ジスチグミン(ウブレチド^(R))15mg・day^-1を服用していた。不安定狭心症のため冠動脈バイパス術を施行し,術後3日目より臭化ジスチグミンの内服を再開した。術後5日目より呼吸困難が出現し,呼吸性アシドーシス(pH7.186,PaCO₂86.4mmHg)を呈したため人工呼吸管理を行った。臨床症状が有機リン中毒と類似し,ChEは91(正常値3000～6500)IU・l^-1と著明に低下していた。呼吸不全の原因は臭化ジスチグミンの偶然の投与中断による,コリン作動性クリーゼのための急性換気不全であることが判明した。抗コリン剤は重篤な急性呼吸不全をきたす可能性があり,その使用には十分注意すべきである。

抄録全体を表示

We evaluated the effectiveness of preventing cholinergic crisis due to Ubretid tablets using a notice in electronic medical records concerning the initial dosage and the correct timing for increasing the dose.We also conducted a survey to investigate doctors’knowledge of the Ubretid tablet and opinions of the method used for displaying the notice in electronic medical records.
Displaying the notice resulted in a 4-fold increase in prescriptions with the proper initial dosage though there was no change in prescriptions giving the correct timing for increasing the dosage.Overall,there was a nine-fold increase in proper prescriptions giving the correct initial dosage and correct timing for increasing the dose.The survey of doctors revealed that they had little knowledge of Ubretid tablets and therefore considered the use of a notice in electronic medical records to be a very useful.
These results suggested that displaying such a notice in electronic medical records could be a useful and an easy way of preventing cholinergic crisis due to Ubretid tablets.

抄録全体を表示

The potassium, calcium, magnesium zinc, manganese, copper and phosphorus contents of 6 milled rice samples were measured by the ICP-OES method in cooperation with 5 ∼ 7 laboratories in Japan. According to the protocol that determined the measuring conditions etc., 6 milled blind replicate rice samples were measured, and single result of the contents (mg/kg, as received) of seven elements were reported. The data from which the maximum of one laboratory's data were removed by Cochran and Grubbs outlier test, and an analysis of the variance were carried out. The range of analysis values for six samples calculated from collaborative trial was as follows, RSD_r (the relative standard deviation of repeatability), RSD_R (the relative standard deviation of reproductibity) and HorRat values of potassium were 1.03 ∼ 1.86%, 5.08 ∼ 6.93% and 0.89 ∼ 1.13, respectively ; those of magnesium were 1.87 ∼ 6.14%, 7.02 ∼ 9.99% and 1.06 ∼ 1.44, respectively ; and those of calcium were 1.27 ∼ 5.93%, 3.40 ∼ 6.46% and 0.38 ∼ 0.70, respectively. The HorRat values of zinc, manganese, copper and phosphorus were 0.32 ∼ 0.54, 0.30 ∼ 0.65, 0.41 ∼ 1.49 and 1.18 ∼ 1.43, respectively. The HorRat values of all the elements (potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, manganese, phosphorus and copper) being lower than 1.5, showed that the measured results of this collaborative trial were satisfying. Moreover, the results for RSD_R and RSD_r of this trial showed the validity of the measuring method of the inorganic element content in milled rice by the ICP-OES method.

抄録全体を表示

　近年，放射線読影レポートの確認漏れに伴う患者安全上の問題（以下，「確認漏れの問題」）が全国的に多発しており，多くの病院から対策事例の発表が行われている．それらを体系的に整理できれば有意義な知見が得られて患者安全の改善に寄与する可能性があるが，表現形式が多種多様なために，それらの文献から情報を抽出して整理することは容易ではない.翻って，文献整理の困難さは「確認漏れの問題」に固有ではなく医療情報システム全般に共通している．そこで，本研究では「『施設に依存しない共通的なフロー』を有する業務で『利用者行動』に起因して発生した事象」に問題を一般化した．そして，それらを論じた文献が多数存在することを仮定して，それらから「（a）原因事例集」，「（b）対策事例集」，「（c）対策のフレームワーク検討のための汎用モデル」の3つの成果物を導くための一般的な方法を提案した．

　次に，提案手法を「確認漏れの問題」に適用して有意義な知見が得られるかを検討することでその有用性を議論した．具体的には，医中誌Web等で抽出した62編（48病院）の文献を提案手法に適用した．その結果，文献の74％が1,000字以内の抄録であったにも関わらず，上記の（a）～（c）の成果物を得ることができた．そのような状況でも提案手法が有効に機能したことには「施設に依存しない業務フロー」と「利用者行動に伴って発生した問題」の2つのキーワードが重要であった．そして，今回の結果から提案手法が同様な問題に柔軟に適用可能であることが示唆された．

抄録全体を表示