これまでのSCMは製造業主導のものが多かったが、最近では一部の業のような中間業者によるSCMの事例も目立ってきた。しかしながら、業に関するSCMの実証研究は少ない。本研究は、業を対象としたアンケートのデータ解析から、わが国の業におけるSCMを分析する。その結果から、業者における成果に対するSCMの貢献を評価する。

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This paper aims to investigate aspects required for the players’ business of wholesale markets in consumption areas, in also consideration of a fundamental reform on the Wholesale Market Law. We examined the followings: summarizing the main points of and the players’ action responded to, the policy change such as the law reform; clarifying a position and channel evaluation of wholesale market trading for users like shippers and retailers, based on the factor analysis with questionnaire surveys; considering a key point for players, especially wholesalers, to strengthen a value of their presence. It is clarified that users highly perceive wholesale markets as a superior channel to reduce their trading risk.

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The location of wholesale establishments was characterized by the agglomeration in central zone of cities. Keeping pace with the rapid growth of cities after the Second World War, many wholesale establishments have moved from central zones to outer zones in both metropolitan cities and local cities. Traffic congestion and lack of space for enlarging establishments in central zones were pointed out as main reasons for the above phenomenon.
As for such locational changes of wholesale establishments in cities, some geographical studies have been done in recent years. All of them, however, dealt with at the levels of metropolis or reginal cities; none of them were concerned with the level of local cities. In addition, those studies did not take up the difference of character of wholesale establishments. Particularly, the stage of channels of distributions was not considered in previous studies.
So, this paper tried to analyse the locational changes of wholesale establishments in local cities with reference to the difference of character of wholesale establishments. Both Shizuoka and Hamamatsu Cities in Shizuoka Prefecture were chosen for local cities to analyse.
The results are summarized as follows;
(1) In Shizuoka and Hamamatsu cities, a large number of wholesale establishments moved from central zone (Zone I) to outer zone (Zone IV) (Figs. 3 and 5). Some kinds of wholesale establishments, particularly those of medicine and cosmetics, however, mainly moved within Zone I.
(2) A large part of locational changes of wholesale establishments had happened during the period 1963-73. After the recession caused by high oil price in 1973, so-called Oil Shock, we found only a small number of locational changes.
(3) 31.0% of wholesalers changed their locations in Shizuoka and 17.6% of them in Hamamatsu have made their storage and delivering functions and selling function spatially separate. The former function were moved from central zones to outer zones, and the selling function was located in central zones as before. The other wholesalers which changed their locations have moved all their functions from central zones to outer zones.
(4) In Shizuoka the higher the stage of wholesale establishments of secondary industry products is in channels of distributions, the more remarkable the separation of functions of wholesale establishments is. In Hamamatsu, however, the same tendency could not be found. We could recognize the relationship between the stage of wholesale establishments of secondary industry products in channels of distributions and the movement pattern of wholesale establishments. The establishments of primary stage were high in percentage among wholesale establishments which moved to Zone I or II in Shizuoka, but we sound not find the tendency except for textile products of local industry in Hamamatsu.
It may be due to some factors that the locational changes of wholesale establishments of Shizuoka are different from those of wholesale establishments of Hamamatsu in movement pattern or functional separation. Firstly, we can point out that Shizuoka city in the prefectural capital with a population of 458, 341 in 1980 census and Hamamatsu is the prefectural subcenter with 490, 824, so that they have different urban structures. It may have affected the locational changes of these cities. We emphasize the functional difference of wholesale establishments within central zones of these cities. That is, the offices of big enterprises, particularly of secondary industries, which are low in percentage among wholesale establishments, are located in Zone I in Shizuoka, but the wholesalers of textile products are located in Zone I in Hamamatsu.
Finally, we conclude that the functional differences of wholesale establishments of these cities have affected the locational changes in movemnt pattern of functional separation of wholesale establishments.

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The purpose of this study is to clarify a deficient subject and viewpoint on the 2018 amended Wholesale Market (hereafter WM) Act, through analyzing of fish wholesalers’ motivation for expanding the business domain toward middle wholesalers with focusing on their mutual relationship forming fundamentals of the WM system such as trading and pricing. In particular, this paper mentions changes in the WM policy from features of the latest amended WM Act including 1999 and 2014. After that, we investigate the actual condition of a relationship between wholesalers and middle wholesalers with the example of Tsukiji and also indicate a distortion occurring inside of the system.

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本報告は中小業の組織化について，株式会社サプリコの事例研究を通じて検討を行っていく。そして同社を構成する、複数の業者の連携による戦略的な行動について，ネットワーク研究の知見を用いて，中小業者の組織化に接近する有用性を主張する。

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本論文は，

業者による市場外流通量の拡大に着目し，とくに内陸部にあり，また，名古屋市中央市場に隣接しているという厳しい市場環境に置かれている岐阜市中央市場を対象として，業者による直接末端対応が場内における仲卸業者にどのような影響を与えたのかを明らかにするものである。

岐阜市中央

市場は，①青果物を中心とする市場　②市場の独自な市場展開が多大な困難を抱えている　③名古屋市中央市場に対する依存度が高い　④水産加工品の取扱量が多く，かつ品目が多様なである，という四つの地域的特徴を有する市場である。近年の厳しい流通環境の中で集荷については，近隣名古屋市場に依存しながら，全国各地の小規模業者（鮮魚，冷凍品ともに）との連携強化を通じて，独自な仕入れルートを構築している。販売については，スーパーや他地域の加工業者も含む加工業者への直接販売（加工原料の供給）は新しい対応として展開している。

しかし，

業者のこうした集・分荷力強化活動（経営対応）は，実際に市場全体の集荷力の強化と結びつかず，かえって仲卸業者の経営を圧迫している要因ともなっている。こうした状態が続くならば，市場としての集荷と販売のギャップが拡大し，市場内取引の縮小＝市場内取引の‘空洞化’が懸念され，元来，開設地域において水産物流通の中核的位置づけにあるべきと中央市場としての公共的性格も次第に衰退していくことも予測できる。

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