これまで好まれやすい林内景観の特徴として，樹幹枝視率と立木密度が低い森林（梶返，1987），散策利用の場合立木密度600本/ha以上（藤本，1978），立木密度800本/ha以下（真鍋ら，1990），密度が低く，個々の木が太い高齢林で低木層がない森林（朴ら，1992），胸高直径合計（m/ha）が低い森林（井川原ら，2004）等が示されており，いずれの研究でも共通して立木密度が重要な指標として指摘されている。
　しかし，これらの研究では異なる林分の林内景観を区別せずに分析をしているため，地形や樹種などが好ましさの評価に影響している可能性が考えられる。また，被験者が森林科学を学ぶ学生や20代と30代の一般人が中心である等，特定の属性に偏っているため，必ずしも一般的に好まれる林内景観の特徴が明らかにされているとは言えない。
　そこで，本研究では樹種や齢級構成が単純な同一の針葉樹人工林を対象に実際に間伐を行って立木密度を変えていき，多数の幅広い層からの被験者の評価からどのような立木密度の林内景観が好まれるのかを明らかにする。さらに，好ましさの評価に影響する被験者の属性についても明らかにする。

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Yearly evaluation of air quality was carried out by applying the pollution index (AQI), which was proposed in a previous work, to Kanagawa Prefecture. It was found that the frequencies (d/d%) of “Polluted” level (the ambient air is polluted beyond the air quality standards) gradually decreased between 1979.4 and 1985.3. The frequencies of “Clean”level (the pollutants in the air are of a half of air quality standards) gradually increased. The major reason is that O_x concentration decreased in the suburban area. NO₂ concentration also slightly decreased, but the contribution to pollution relatively increased. The appearance of “Polluted” level was about 10-30% (d/d%) in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1985. The AQI index is thus useful in long term evaluations of air quality as well as short term evaluation like daily evaluation.

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We found a reddish brown pigmentation at a small stream of a biotope in Aina, Atsugi. As a result of optical and scanning electron microscopic observations, and elemental analyses, we confirmed that the coloration of reddish brown is originating from the iron oxide attached to the surface of cylindrical shaped microorganisms. Based on the morphological features, this microorganism was supposed to be a kind of iron bacteria and tentatively determined as Leptothrix sp., though further investigation is needed for identification.

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 In the Edo era, many carpenters lived in Ogino-mura village, Sagami-no-kuni province. It can be classified their activities into three time. Primarily, they got the technique by working together with famous carpenters. Secondly, they began to work on their own in order to have grown. Third, they are from the point of view of building industry, became indispensable to the region. It was discussed the process that the carpenters of the Edo era were inherited and accumulated the technology in this paper.
 In order to build the architecture, it requires a huge amount of costs and a large number of labor force. Thus, it was possible that only the privileged classes acquire the means of production. As a result, techniques for carpenter was concentrated in a particular institution. And it was a nation and temples from ancient times through the Middle Ages. When it comes to the early modern period, private carpenter has emerged. It is academic challenges whether the technology among them is how inherited and accumulation.

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腐食防止の観点から，構造物の排水は非常に重要な役割を担っている．本研究では，橋梁の排水管を念頭にした漏水箇所の検出を赤外線カメラを用いて行うことを目的としている．橋梁で使用されている排水管は塩化ビニル管が主流であるが，特に経年劣化がすすむと断面急曲部 (エルボー部)や継手接着部の漏水があると言われている．実験では急曲部に意図的に入れたき裂を有した試験体を作成し，水を管に流し，赤外線カメラを用いて急曲部を撮影した．これを晴れた日や雨の日，気温の高い日，低い日含めて1年間継続してデータを取得した．これらのデータを教師データとして漏水の有無をアンサンブル学習法の一つであるランダムフォレスト法を適用して機械学習させた．高い精度で漏水の有無を判断することに成功した．

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横浜市の「みなとみらい21」地域の「グランモール」地区で実施された都市緑地と温熱環境の関係解析を行った過去の卒業論文の調査資料を見直し，本報では局所的暑熱環境にかかわる温熱指標と効果示数を新たに定量化した．また，以前の都市緑地分類を再点検し，グランモール地区の街路や公園緑地を基本単位である6つの植生景観型に区分した．本研究で得られた様々な温熱データを用いた統計解析で判明した有意関係をもとに，これらの単位は11景観地区の組合せにより5つの主要なグループに分けられた．その結果に基づいて，著者らは各景観区群の構成要素の質的，量的違いによる温熱効果の差異について考察した．さらに，本地域の生育環境に適合し，局所的暑熱環境の改善が期待できる樹種を用いた持続可能な都市緑地の創出方法の幾つかが提案された．

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This paper presents a multi-robot communication system for guiding customers and providing information about products and deals in a shop. The purpose of the multi-robot communication is to offer a sense of belonging between the robots and a customer. The robots set in some places cannot move in the store but guide a customer in the direction of what he/she comes for, propagating the robot’s utterance between each of the robots corresponding to the customer’s position and movement. In this study, we conducted the questionnaire investigation and comparative experiments to verify the effect of the proposed approach on customers impressions of the guide robots.

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In previous experiments to evaluate the speed of composting of tree pruning chips, we determined that physical properties of the chips greatly affect the length of time that composting takes, the work involved-such as the number of times the compost must be turned-as well as the amount of additional water required. A previous experiment with composting of chips in 1m³ reactors, after secondary processing involving crushing in a screw-pressure type crusher, showed that moisture content of these chips remained above 40% during composting, and fermentation completed uniformly in 60 days using only aeration and without turning of compost. This report discusses our finding-that water absorptivity and water retentivity are good criteria for quantitatively evaluating the ease of composting of chips from tree pruning-and the validation of these criteria by experiments with composting of three types of chips in 1m³ reactors. Results of the experiments were as follows:
1) Ease of composting was a function of the water absorptivity (mass of absorbed water/mass of air-dried chips) and the water retentivity (moisture content loss/day) of chips, but not a clear function of the chip size distribution.
2) For chips cut with a cutter-knife type chipper (the conventional processing method), the water absorbability was improved 1.6 times and the water retentivity was improved 1.3 times by secondary processing using a screw pressure type crusher.
3) Chips that had both sufficient water absorbability and sufficient water retentivity were suitable for composting by aeration alone, without requiring turning of compost.
4) Short term measurements (over about 7 days) of water absorbability and water retentivity were sufficient for quantitatively evaluating suitability of chips for composting.
In conclusion, we found that our proposed criteria for evaluating the suitability of tree pruning chips for composting was useful not only for quickly evaluating different types of chips but also for facilitating crusher development work.

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The knowledge of ecology is essential for young people that should protect the global environment from now on. Under the above background, Kanagawa Institute of Technology (hereafter KAIT) has carried out the cross-sectional education of faculty and department under the ecological theme since 2009. This program called “Stop the CO₂ Project” is opened to all students of KAIT and is carried out by KAIT staff that agrees to its aims. 4 years passed since the start. This paper summarized the outcome of 4 years activity from the both sides of students and staff. As a result, it was found what the successful and unsuccessful matters are in this program’ s aim and that there are some new unexpected problems.

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森林内に存在する止水域・半止水域であるヌタ場の，中大型哺乳類による利用実態を明らかにするために，神奈川県東丹沢地域のヌタ場6ヶ所を対象として，2015年6月から2017年10月までの29ヶ月間，センサーカメラによる調査を実施した．その結果，12種の哺乳類が撮影された．撮影頻度による上位4種はニホンジカ（Cervus nippon），ニホンイノシシ（Sus scrofa leucomystax），タヌキ（Nyctereutes procyonoides），アナグマ（Meles anakuma）であり，これらが全体の88.2％を占めた．ヌタ場における主な行動は，ニホンジカにおいては雌雄で異なり，オスは繁殖期のヌタ浴びによる匂い付け行動，メスは通年の飲水であった．また，イノシシは通年のヌタ浴び，タヌキとアナグマは春季の探餌行動が優占した．さらに，ヌタ場内の水のナトリウム濃度とニホンジカのメスの飲水の撮影頻度との間に正の相関がみられた．本研究から，ヌタ場の一部は塩場としての機能も有すること，食肉目の採食の場としても利用されていることが判明し，森林性中大型哺乳類にとって重要な生息環境の一つであることが示された．

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都市近郊に生息するタヌキ（Nyctereutes procyonoides）は，繁殖および休息場としての樹林地，それに隣接する採食場としての農地が重要であると報告されている．しかし，特に農地への選好性は住民へのアンケートや聞き取り調査を基に広域スケールで環境選択性を検証した調査によるもので，実際にタヌキの行動追跡を行って検証した事例は十分ではない．そこで本研究では，農地を多く含む都市近郊の東京農業大学厚木キャンパス周辺を調査地として，タヌキ8個体についてラジオテレメトリーを行い，日周性および季節性を考慮して環境選択性を調べた．その結果，夜間には，農地である畑は全ての季節で，樹林地とタケ・ササ地は一部の季節で正の選択性が認められ，都市近郊に生息するタヌキにとって農地が重要な採食場所の一つであることが示唆された．また，日中の休息場に設置した自動撮影カメラによって，オス成獣の，ヘルパーの可能性がある個体が確認された．

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This paper is aimed to perceive the relationships between children aged under five and their environments, focusing on the children's growth of the perceptions of their environments. The children's activities in their environments including people, things, and events around them, can be defined as children's environmental behavior. For this purpose, children's activities in a nursery were analyzed as follows. Firstly, 22 children's activities were observed and recorded. Secondly, based on these data, the places for their activities were compared by different sexes and ages. Next, the individual children's activities, which were classified into two groups : staying activities and traveling activities were analyzed based on this classification. Consequently, these analyses inferred that although children's environmental behaviors are different between individuals, such differences are strongly influenced by degree of children's growth as well as by the programs in a nursery.

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The recent cases of whistleblowing that caused enormous damage to a company were largely based on inadequate internal systems. Therefore, there is a need for preparing an effective internal whistleblowing system. Despite these facts, there is little relatively research on the factors associated with an internal whistleblowing system for corporate governance in Japanese corporations. This exploratory study examines the factors associated with a positive attitude towards developing an internal whistleblowing system, especially organizational characteristics, past experiences, and overseas factors. In this study, I employ a logit analysis of 1,090 listed Japanese corporations for FY2017. The results show significant and positive correlations between positive attitudes toward an internal whistleblowing system and organizational characteristics (i.e. corporate social responsibility (CSR) attitude, ethical interest, compliance awareness, independence of internal audit, risk management attitude), past scandalous affairs, and overseas expansion. The results also show that firm size affects the company’s attitude towards implementing a strong internal whistleblowing system.

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In our previous report, we analyzed children's various characteristic actions and the places where those actions are done in a nursery. The analysis was done through the method of extracting their staying and traveling activities from their continuous actions in a nursery. This paper aimed to explain the relationship between children and their nursery environment by detailed analysis of each child's particular staying and traveling activities. Firstly, each child's particular activity scenes were extracted based on 22 children's tracing survey. Secondly, we analyzed the environmental elements which affected those activities. In consequence, we have gained the following findings. 1) The relationship between children and their environment gradually develop from the early stage of the relationship only with objects and nursery teachers to that which includes the elements of other children and "places." 2) As children grow, they become to decide their places of their free will in balance with various environmental elements. 3) In a certain growing stage, environmental settings help children develop their self-reliant activities.

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