The Adhoc Committee on Diabetic Twins was organized in the Japan Diabetes Society in 1984 to collect data on diabetic twins in Japan. During past 3 years, the Committee collected data on 87 pairs of twins, one or both of whom had diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance. Among them, 63 were monozygotic and 24 were dizygotic twins. Probands, who are defined as those who developed diabetes or glucose intolerance earlier, included 21 patients with IDDM, 56 with NIDDM, one case with diabetes of unknown type, and 9 with borderline glucose intolerance. Physicians in charge of diabetic twins were asked to fill out a form for detailed informations and some additional examinations when necessary. These data were gathered and analyzed by the Committee. The Committee ended the term in 1987 after 3 year's activity, and reports on main results obtained so far.
(1) Concordance rate for diabetes in monozygotic twins was 45%(5/11) in IDDM and 83%(38/46) in NIDDM cases. In dizygotic twins, concordance rate was 0%(0/10) in IDDM and 40 %(4/10) in NIDDM cases. It was significantly higher in NIDDM than in IDDM, and in monozygotic than in dizygotic twins.
(2) Concordance rate was higher in patients with the onset of diabetes above the age of 20 years than in those whose age of onset was below 20 years.
(3) The period of diacordance was not shorter in discordant pairs than in concordant pairs.
(4) In IDDM cases, about 90% lived together at the onset of diabetes, while more than 80% of twins lived separately in NIDDM pairs at the time of onset. This was independent of zygosity and whether they are concordant or discordant for diabetes. It is probably due to the difference of the age of onset of IDDM and NIDDM.
(5) The frequency of positive family history and the prevalence of diabetes in parents and siblings other than co-twins were higher in NIDDM than in IDDM cases, irrespective of whether they were concordant or discordant.
(6) The presence or absence of various complications agreed in 68-97% of concordant diabetic pairs. There were a few pairs discordant for the severity of retinopathy. In these pairs the difference in the duration of diabetes or in the degree of hyperglycemia would explain the difference in severity of retinopathy.
(7) Glucose tolerance test in 6 co-twins of discordant pairs of IDDM revealed that 4 had normal glucose tolerance and 4 had normal insulin response. In 8 co-twins of discordant pairs of NIDDM, normal glucose tolerance was found in only 2 cases and normal insulin response also in only 2 cases.
(8) The thyroid autoantibodies were more frequently positive in IDDM than in NIDDM patients, and the positive and negative tests agreed well between monozygotic twin pairs irrespective of concordance for diabetes. Data on islet cell antibody and HLA antigens were obtained in too few twin pairs to draw any substantial conclusions. All of IDDM patients who were tested for HLA antigens had HLA DR 4.

抄録全体を表示

　観測された形質の分散を、「遺伝」「共有環境」「非共有環境」という3つの潜在変数の寄与に分割して推定させる行動遺伝学の方法論を用いて、権威主義的伝統主義の形成に関わる要因について検討した。4111名（12～26歳の男性1279名、女性1889名、およびの父親83名、母親860名）から権威主義的伝統主義尺度の回答を得た。一卵性912組、二卵性630組を対象としたモデルによる分析は、権威主義的伝統主義の分散を遺伝33％、非共有環境67％で説明し、親子モデルによる分析においても、結果は同等であった。これより、権威主義的伝統主義の家族内伝達を媒介するのは専ら遺伝であり、文化伝達ではないことが示された。権威主義の形成を親の養育、あるいはその家の社会背景によって説明するこれまでの理論には異議が唱えられる。遺伝を説明変数に含めた、より精緻な伝達モデルの有用性が提起される。

抄録全体を表示

The problem of physical ability, through the unfortunate situation during and after the war, can now be considered from a new and more progressive point of view. This concerns the dynamic relation of physical abilityphysical structure, physical power and motor performance, which interrelatedly effect each other and must be studied through a consideration of man in relation to culture. Such a point of view means that this study is conncted with a wide range of problems having to do with birth, growth, heredity and environment, education, society, phenomena of senility, death, etc. Using children and youths of primary and junior high schools as materials, the author, to date, has already investigated and discussed problems of growth and development of physical ability and of the relationship of physical ability to education and social environment in a series of the reports under the individual titles in this Journal.

抄録全体を表示

の組内類似度の表現法としてのVERSCHUERの百分率偏差法を再検討したところ,個人差の大きい計測項目では大きな値に,個人差の小さい項目では小さな値になることがわかったので,個人差を取り除くため,変異係数の逆数を乗じて重みづけし,さらに正規分布に近づけるため平方根変換したものを訂正百分率偏差と呼び,その平均値を類似度係数と呼ぶことを提案した。46組の一卵性について27生体計測項目および24示数の類似度を類似度係数を用いて検討した。従来最もよく似ているとされていた頭囲が実はさほどでなく,似ていないとされて来た体重がよく似ていること,プロポーションよりも実サイズの方がよく似ていること,などを明らかにした。

抄録全体を表示

唇顎口蓋裂を伴う2組の一卵性を経験したので,初診時資料をもとに問で顎顔面および粛列弓形態について比較検討した.
卵性診断は,DNAの多型性を数多くのバンドからなる複雑なパターンとして検出するDNAフィンガ,_._.プリントを用いて行った.その結果,問でDNAバンドパターンが完全に一致したことから,両組ともきわめて高い確率で0卵性であると診断した.
›症例第1組›女子(年齢6歳11カ月)
姉:健常
妹:片側性不完全唇裂・口蓋裂(左側)
›症例第2組›
男子(年齢6歳11カ月)
兄:両側性完全唇顎口蓋裂
弟:両側性唇裂(右側完全裂,左側不完全裂)・口蓋裂(右側完全裂,左側顎裂部のみ粘膜下裂)
症例第1組では,妹は姉に比較して上顎の著しい劣成長および後退位と上歯列弓の縮小を認め,破裂の存在と形成手術が上顎部の成長発育に影響を及ぼす要因と考えられた.また,妹の頭蓋基底角は開大傾向を示し,破裂や形成手術による影響が前頭蓋基底部にも及ぶ可能性が示唆された.
症例第2組においては,兄は弟に比較してpremaxillaの下方への偏位を認めた.また,兄の上歯列弓はV字型の著しV・狭窄を呈していた.破裂の程度の差や顎裂部における閉鎖術式の違いが兄弟のalveolar segmentsの位置的状態の差異に関係する要因として考えられた.
下顎の形態や位置に関しては,両組とも問でほぼ類似していた.この結果は,資料採得時の年齢が低かったことや,間で臼歯部対咬接触歯数に差がなかったためではないかと推察された.

抄録全体を表示