In this paper, a new method of line element fitting by means of Hough transformations is proposed in order to separate and recognize particle pathlines overlapping each other, on a digitalized flow visualization photograph. An image of particle pathlines is produced by a tracer method. Hough transformations are applied only to the edges of particle pathlines. The edges are obtained by tracing pixels that have high gradient value in the image. Results obtained by the method with Hough transformations are presented for the flow visualized images such that two particle pathlines are overlapping each other.

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  Feedability of hypoeutectic Al-Si-Cu alloys greatly varies with Si and Cu contents. Consequently, the occurrence of the shrinkage porosity is different depending on the composition of the alloys, even if they are the same standard alloys. The feedability of this alloy system can be improved with an increase in Cu content and a decrease in Si content. An Al-6%Si-4%Cu alloy has the best feedability because the alloy can compensate for solidification shrinkage until its solid fraction becomes large during the eutectic solidification.
  With an increase in Cu content, however, the specific gravity near the riser of castings is lowered because of negative segregation.

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Floristic composition of trees was studied in groves at three shrines in Osaka City. We studied one plot in each of the following shrines: Sumiyoshi Taisha (plot area 450m²); Kumata Jinja (210m²); and Himeshima Jinja (350m²). The dominant tree was Aphananthe aspera in all three groves, in which seedlings of this species were also often observed. This was also the dominant species in groves at three temples studied in the Uemachi Daichi area. Other dominant species were Quercus glauca in Sumiyoshi, Liquidambar formosana in Kumata, and Cinnamomum Camphora in Himeshima.

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Distribution, composition and possible sources of nitrate and ammonia nitrogen (N0₃-N, NH₄-N) in ground water in Osaka City area were studied. Osaka City has area been developed on the alluvial lowland, where the diluvial terrace extends nearly from north to south within the center of area. Ground water collected from the terrace showed the tendency : NO₃-N >> NH₄-N and vice versa in these from its surrounding plain.
The land-use distribution in city area is 1.1% for agricultural field, and 99% of city area was serviced by municipal sewerage. Therefore, the load of nitrogen from the use of chemical fertilizers, the inadequate disposal of human excreta and domestic sewage are small.
The main source of inorganic nitrogen may be the pore water involving NH₄-N squeezed out with self-compaction of holocence clay bed lying on the aquifer. Such could be seen in the land subsidence of coastal area due to vigorous pumping of ground water in the past. The terrace play a role of the recharge area for the related aquifers in the pain, and so infiltrated surface water has considerable amount of oxygen. NO₃-N was considered to result from the nitrification of NH₄-N from the clay bed or only maintained in water dissolving oxygen.

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本研究の目的は, 子宮内膜の細胞集塊を立体構築的にみて増殖症にはどのような特徴が有り, それがどの程度診断に役立つかを検討することである. 対象はエンドサイト法, 直接塗抹にて得られた, 正常内膜40例 (24～76歳, 平均48歳) と腺腫性および異型増殖症28例 (40～58歳, 平均48歳) である. 判定は, 裂隙形成集塊あるいは乳頭状集塊の出現の有無, それら集塊における問質成分の有無と最外層核の位置について検索を行った. 正常内膜の集塊には3層以上の重積のある乳頭状集塊で複雑な乳頭状分岐が作り出す “すきま” を持つ集塊あるいは分岐のない単純な乳頭状集塊は認めず, 間質成分, 内膜上皮, 内膜腺が種々の程度に混在する集塊として認めるか, おのおの単独に認められた. 増殖症では10例 (36%) に裂隙形成集塊あるいは乳頭状集塊を認めた. そのうちの9例は集塊周囲に少量の間質成分を伴い, 最外層の核が間質側に偏在している集塊 (以下, 集塊の外側), つまり粘膜固有層内にとどまる増殖を示唆する集塊が認められた. また集塊周囲に問質成分を欠き, 最外層の核は内側に位置している集塊 (以下, 集塊の内側), つまり子宮内腔および腺腔内へ突出する増殖を示す集塊は3例に認められた.
われわれは以前に, 高分化内膜腺癌では子宮内腔へ乳頭状突出を示唆する集塊が得られやすいという報告をしたが, 本検索において増殖症では粘膜固有層内にとどまる増殖を示唆する集塊の出現する割合が高いという特徴が得られたと考える.

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本研究の目的は, エンドサイト法標本における高分化内膜腺癌の3次元的特徴所見を見出し, その診断的意義について検討を行うことである.対照はエンドサイト法, 直接塗抹法にて得られた, 増殖症を除く良性内膜90例 (16～76歳, 平均45歳) と, 高分化内膜腺癌13例 (48～70歳, 平均59歳) を用いた.良性例ではごく少数例に裂隙を形成する細胞集塊が認められたが, そのほとんどは間質成分を有し, 細胞配列は正しく, 3層以上の不規則な重積はなかった. 核が細胞基底側 (内側) に位置する所見もなかった. 一方, 癌例では裂隙を形成し, 間質成分を欠く細胞集塊が多数例 (13例中10例) 認められた. そして, 8例に3層以上の不規則な重積と核が細胞基底側 (内側) に位置する所見を認めた. 癌例の細胞構築的特徴を組織像に対応してみると, 細い血管間質を中心に, 腫瘍細胞が乳頭状～ 樹枝状～ 鋸歯状に子宮内腔あるいは腺腔内へ増殖し, 核が細胞基底側に存在する箇所に相当すると思われた. エンドサイト法で得られた細胞集塊が裂隙を形成し, 3層以上からなる不規則な重積を有し, 間質成分を欠く場合には癌の可能性が高いと考えられた.

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地下水の窒素汚染は従来から日本の大都市部でも問題となっているが, 被圧地下水の水位上昇問題の出現や, 渇水時, 震災時の代替水源としての地下水の見直し等を受け, 今後は地下水の有効利用の可能性がますます高まっている。そこで東京都区部の地下水水質を調査した結果, 不圧地下水, 被圧地下水ともに窒素が10mg/Lを超える高濃度の地点が存在した。不圧地下水の窒素の形態は酸化還元状態に依存し, 都区部西側の台地では硝酸性窒素が, 都区部東側の低地ではアンモニア性窒素が卓越していた。土地利用と水収支から降水・水道漏水・施肥による窒素濃度を推定したところ, 全体のおよそ6割の地点で実測値が推定値を上回っており, 生活排水の漏れが寄与している可能性があった。

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Since axle journal roller bearings of the bogie of rolling stock are important components for the running of the vehicles, early detection of damage to axle bearings is required. Therefore, we developed an autonomous damage detection system "ADDS" as one of the detection devices. The ADDS uses energy harvesting technology that utilizes the power generation function of the piezoelectric element “PZT”. The ADDS can detect axle bearing damage and transmit obtained data to receiver that will be installed under floor of the vehicle without a power supply and cable connection from the vehicle body. In the ADDS, the anti-vibration rubber for axle springs, which is installed on the axle box is replaced by an autonomous damage detection anti-vibration rubber "ADDAR". The ADDAR contains the PZT as a power generation module “PGM” and a transmitter that transmits the detected data to receiver. The transmitter in the ADDAR can be driven by electric power from the PGM. The rotational test to evaluate the performance of the ADDAR was carried out using an axle journal bearing performance rig. The test results show that the power generation performance of the PGM of the ADDAR installed on the damaged axle bearing is higher than that of the ADDAR installed on the normal axle bearing. It is confirmed that the transmitter in the ADDAR installed on the damaged axle bearing can transmit the obtained data to the receiver. Additionally, the power generation performance of the ADDAR is improved when the PGM is installed directly above the damaged location of the axle bearing. In this case, the ADDAR can secure the power to drive the transmitter even at low rotational speeds.

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