In this paper, I studied about plans of a house and their functions such as teacher's domitory, executive office dormitory, student's self-study room, auditorium and dining room of "Danrin" (schools of priest) called Kansai Matugasaki of Hokke Sect founded in modern ages. Furthermore, as for the arrangement of fundamental Compound of Danrin----an auditorium and Nohke-Ryoh (teacher's domitory) and a dining rocm are arranged at the center of the grounds. And since Bantoh-Ryoh (exective office dormitory) is arranged to the left side and teacher's domitory is arranged to the right side in front of the center of building, I elucidated the reasons for arrangements.

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Recently, there is a remarkable tendency toward the specialization of area, especially in large cities, which is called urbanization.
There are significant influences on living ways of inhabitants in the urban fringe, and some regional. patterns to the area are constructed.
The author compares suburban villages of paddy fields and upland farms which show the different reaction to the urbanization. It is represented as the agricultural landscapes and shown by the structure of farming villages. The northern area of Kyoto City is discussed.
1. The different system of land utilization between villages of paddy fields and upland farms in the urban fringe remains in the different stages of farming.
2. Paddy fields are urbanized more rapidly than upland farms, and in some cases, a fertile part is ruined earlier.
3. Suburban effects on farm-houses of paddy fields are shown in agricultural management, while, those of upland farms in farming economy.
4. The scheme of suburban structure is illustrated as Fig. 4. (Diagram of agricultural zones in the urban fringe.) S=city area (Kyoto City), PF=Paddy fields area (Matsugasaki), MF=mixed area (Shugakuin and Kamikamo), UF=upland fields area (Takagamine), FW=agricultural area with forest, F=forest area.

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明治中期～昭和初期にかけて京都を中心に多岐にわたる分野で活躍した日本画家・神坂雪佳は、庭園にも関心を示し、設計にかかわった大橋氏別邸 (無書庵) 庭園では雪佳らしい特色も出した庭園意匠を見せている。この時期、雪佳のほかに竹内栖鳳、橋本関雪らの画家も庭園に関心を持ち、自邸の庭園を作っている。そしてこれらの画家の庭園への関心が、この時期の京都の庭園の水準を引き上げる要因の一つであった。

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T.MATSUGASAKI, an architect, had studied in Germany for 12 years in the beginning of Meiji Era. Meanwhile, he had learned the theory of the architecture and practical technique. After returning home, he played an important role as an establish member of the architectural institute of JAPAN as well as engaged in the construction of the government office town. After that, he designed the structures in German style here in Japan and Taiwan. This study is on the career and the works of TSUMUNAGA MATSUGASAKI, from the beginning as an architect to the times as a public servant. In the study, special consideration was given to "Nasu villa of SHUZOU AOKI", which is only one existing building he designed.

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Recently, SiC ceramic was synthesized from bamboo-charcoal and melted Si in an Ar atmosphere. The SiC formed around the inside pore of the bamboo-charcoal as a tubular ceramic. As a result, yield of the SiC ceramic reached about 30%. The product heated for various time (0.1h-5h) was analyzed by scanning- and transmission- electron microscopes with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. For 0.1 hour heating time, the product was composed of SiO₂ as an amorphous state or SiC-SiO₂ with complex structure. The SiO₂ was formed easily because of residual oxygen in a furnace. The SiO₂ was existed as a liquid phase at high temperature and accordingly the product shape was like a surface structure of bamboo-charcoal. Increasing the heating time, the SiO₂ was reacted with C under Ar atmosphere and became SiC, and increased the SiC thickness < about 14μm. The SiC ceramic possessed 3C structure, and the tendency to decrease by heating was seen as for the stacking disorders in interguranular.

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Biwako canal in Kyoto City was constructed in the period from 1885 to 1890 in order to supply water for irrigation systems and develop the utilization of water power, transportation by ship and so on. There were 2 routes on the canal, the one was the route in Ohtoh area beside eastern district of Kamo river for the transportation and later also for hydroelectric power, the other was the route of north-east area of Kyoto for the irrigation. The expropriation performance of the canal was discussed in this paper depended on the maps drawn in the construction and the cadastre on expropriation. The new city planning in the Ohtoh area, especially road networks along the canal was designed, and the canal route was determined to decrease flow rate and to choose the low cost expropriation.

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Many studies on the effects of LED on living organisms have been performed recently thanks to the ease and precision with which the power and wavelength of the LED can be regulated. To investigate the effects of LED irradiation on Drosophila activity, we monitored the locomotive activity of Drosophila for six days continuously. The data showed that wild-type flies behave similarly under fluorescent light, incandescent bulb, and white LED irradiation, which is equivalent to the intensity of an incandescent bulb. We next investigated the effects of red, blue, and yellow-green LED irradiation under same intensity as white LED on the locomotive activity of a wild-type fly and a Drosophila model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The results showed that the amount of locomotive activity in the wild-type flies with red LED irradiation was significantly increased throughout the day (excluding morning peaks) while that with blue LED irradiation was decreased in evening peaks and at nighttime. Yellow-green LED irradiation increased the locomotive activity during the midday siesta but decreased the activity of the morning and evening peaks.

It is known that the rugose (rg) mutant, the Drosophila homolog of human Neurobeachin, shows locomotive hyperactivity. In our study, the red LED irradiation did not affect the locomotive activity of the rg mutant at all. Taken together with the effects of red LED irradiation to the wild-type, it seems that red LED irradiation enhances the neural circuit to positively regulate the locomotive activity, and rg functions in the neuronal cells by negatively regulating the neural circuit enhanced by red LED irradiation. Thus, the neuronal cells expressing the rg gene appear to play an important role for the regulation of activity during the midday siesta and while sleeping at night. In contrast, irradiation with yellow-green and blue LED to the rg mutant had similar effects to those of the wild-type. This demonstrates that irradiation with yellow-green and blue LED negatively regulates the locomotive activity through the neural circuit not related to rg, or downstream of the neural circuit actively regulated by red LED irradiation.

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Fundamental examinations were carried out about the influence of turbulent fluctuation of temperature and gas composition on the radiative heat flux arriving at the wall of large-scale industrial furnaces, where the absorption of radiative energy on its path until furnace wall cannot be disregarded. Line-by-line analysis based on detailed absorption line database is utilized in this study to avoid confusing the influence of turbulence radiation interaction and the error raised by radiation models. Paying attention to a typical optical path in radial direction, growth of radiative intensity along the optical path was evaluated for some cases where the fluctuation of temperature and/or gas composition is taken into consideration or neglected. The results show that radiative heat transfer toward the wall of large-scale furnaces is considerably underestimated by neglecting the fluctuation of both temperature and composition. And the negligence of only one of temperature fluctuation or composition fluctuation leads to fair underestimation of almost same level. In addition, whether the spatial correlation of turbulence fluctuation extends to near or far hardly changes the radiative wall heat flux, though the fraction of radiative energy absorbed on the optical path is fairly large in the test case of this study.

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Softpastel, lightly pressed with body pigment, has various colors close to the color pigments. We built the hypothesis that a certain volume of body pigment provides delicate nuance of color, tone, and texture to soft pastels. We examined the effect brought by two types of body pigments regarding color and strength respectively. Experimental results supported our hypothesis. About color, we obtained lower numerical values of Value and Chroma when we used porcelain clay than calcium carbonate (CaCO3). In other words, calcium carbonate produces light and bright color, and porcelain clay produces tint or neutral color. Concerning hardness, applying porcelain clay, strength was further increased than CaCO3. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between the drawing medium (pastel) and the support medium (paper etc.). The result showed that the drawing medium strength decreases pigmenting with a weak pressure becomes capable. But easy pigmenting does not always mean generating rich and various color tones. Those facts suggested the possibility that optimum numeric value in medium strength would be find out, which enable us to perform broader expression.

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湿地における人為起源の養分の流入は湿地の富栄養化やそれに伴う生物多様性の減少を引き起こす。北区にある深泥池は、多様な生物が生息・生育する池である。池の中央部には浮島がある。この池では、1950〜60年代に浄水場の配水池から水道水が放水されたり、下水が直接流入したりすることによって富栄養化が進行した。1970年代には水道水の放水がとめられ、下水道の整備が行われたが、その後も配水池から水道水が漏水する問題、降雨時に下水管があふれる問題、交通量の多い道路からの路面水が流入する問題などが残されている。また、二次林が残されている集水域の森林が池に与える影響は解明されていない。そこで、本研究では現在の深泥池の水質分布特性を調べ、池の水質の現状評価を行った。さらに、集水域の影響を明らかにするために、集水域の土壌特性を調べた。集水域土壌中に含まれるNO_3^-層とNH_4^+の濃度は比較的低く、集水域は窒素制限を受けている森林であることが明らかになった。そのため、択抜や有機物除去などによる集水域管理が必要でないことが明らかになった。また、池全体の水質は先行研究同様、池南東部からの水道水の混入と、池北側道路や病院域からの汚水の混入が池の水質に強い負荷を与えていることが明らかになった。特に、2003年1月から池南東部に流入する浄水場の配水池から漏れる水道水のポンプアップが開始されたが、2003年11月から2007年11月にかけてこの漏水の影響を強くうける南側流路の水質に大きな変化はみられなかった。ただし、このポンプアップは漏水を完全に遮断しておらず、未だに一定量の漏水は流れている。この不完全なポンプアップが続く限りは、これ以上の水質改善は期待できないと考えられた。

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This study focused on the distribution and rock types of wayside stone statues of Buddha in the northeastern mountain-foot districts of Kyoto City to grasp the culture of stone use in Kyoto basin. Investigations were conducted in 15 districts of Sakyo-ku that are adjacent to the mountains. We collected the information on the location and rock types of Buddha statues, as well as the data of magnetic susceptibility by KT-10 (Terraplus). We found over 1900 Buddha statues were celebrated in 360 places that were distributed in whole areas. Buddha statues made of Shirakawa-ishi, a type of white granite quarried from the northeast of Kyoto, were celebrated in 320 places and distributed in over 10% grids when the areas were analyzed by 100m mesh. Among them, 18 grids owned more than 20 statues. Shirakawa-ishi showed a stable magnetic susceptibility from 0.039 to 0.197×10^-3 SI. 90 Buddha statues made of other stones such as granodiorite, sandstone, and chart from the adjacent mountains were found in 68 places. The distribution area of Buddha statues made of Shirakawa-ishi has possibly expanded over the 15 distrcts, while one of the boundaries was considered in the Kurama district. To grasp the stone culture of Kyoto, further studies on the styles and construction history of Buddha statues are expected.

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Dynamic viscoelastic properties, steady shear and biaxial extensional flow behaviors have been investigated for melts of potassium titanate whisker filled polyoxymethylene. A second plateau appears in the low frequency region of the storage modulus G', and the plateau value increases with whisker content. Addition of the whisker also increases the steady shear viscosity and the low strain rate asymptote of the biaxial extensional viscosity. The upturn of biaxial extensional viscosity from the low strain rate asymptote decreases by the addition of whisker due to suppression of polymer chain extension. Change in whisker dispersion and orientation in the melts was observed with scanning electron microscopy after quenching the samples in biaxial extensional flow. The degree of whisker orientation to the flow direction decreases with increasing strain rate in the range where the strain rate is much greater than the rate of whisker orientation and it is smaller than or comparable with the relaxation rate of the matrix chain. It is suggested that the matrix does not have enough power to orient the whisker in this range of strain rate.

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The color of sintered body from incinerated ash of sewage and the chemical state of iron in the body were studied. The ash was pressed into a rectangular body under 100MPa, and the body was fired at 1000°C for 3h in air or Ar-O₂ (Po₂: 0.1-0.4kPa) atmospheres at various heating rates. The formation of porous black core was observed in the body fired either Po₂=0.1-0.3kPa at the heating rate of 5°C/min or at under 0.1kPa at the rate of 2.0-5.0°C/min. Reflectance spectra, ESR, and XRD analyses indicated that iron oxide in the black core was mainly in the form of FeO. The results obtained seem to confirm that the formation of black core occurs when the oxidation of residual carbon in the body is not completed at the temperature where the reduction of ferric oxide to ferrous oxide takes place.

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本研究は, 京都東山の麓にあたる浄土寺・鹿ヶ谷・若王子地域を対象として, 近代化によって変容した景域の形成過程を明らかにするものである. 古地図や絵図, 文書や過去の出版物などの史料と, 地形の分析をもとに, 地域の構成が遷移する様子とその要因を考察した. その結果, 広い田園地帯と山裾に独立して並ぶ社寺を結ぶ限られた道による近世の原形は, 大正11年頃に始まる住居開発の時期に大きく変容したことが分かった. 明治23年の琵琶湖疏水分線の挿入はその重要な基盤であった. 住居地域の開発時には, 住み始めた住人による直接的空間創造と価値の発見に促進されて, かつてより山裾に存在する歴史的領域と, 散策性を得た水辺を含む住宅地の領域の二層構造で特徴付けられる一つの景域へと成長した.

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