The tuberculum accessorium mediale internum (termed by SLENKA in 1898) is situated between the metaconid and entoconid in lower permanent molars and has the appearance of an isolated wrinkle. It is sunk between the two cusps, from each of which it is separated by a deep and narrow furrow which extends over the superior half of the lingual surface.
The authors investigated the frequency of appearance of the tuberculum accessorium medicale internum by the method of making a plaster cast from the crown of the first and second lower permanent molars in 440 Japanese (213 males and 227 females).
The frequencies of appearance of the tuberculum accessorium mediale internum are shown in the table.
Of the 440 individuals, 25 (5.68 per cent) have the tuberculum accessorium mediale internum on the lower permanent first molars. And in 14 (56.0 per cent) individuals from among the 25, an accessory intermediary tubercle was found to be separated from the distal part of the metaconid.

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All positional isomers of methyl α-D-glucopyranoside mono-laurates were selectively prepared. The position of the acyl-chain of each mono-laurate isomer was confirmed by means of ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy.
The surface tension of aqueous solutions of mono-laurates was measured at 25°C. From surface tension isotherms, the efficiency of surface tension reduction, surface excess concentration, area per molecule in the surface layer, and standard free energy of adsorption were determined. The efficiency of surface tension reduction (_pC₂₀), defined as-log C_π=20, decreased in the order 6->4-_??_ 2->3-laurate. The order of decrease in minimum surface area per molecule (A) was 4-_??_6->2-_??_3-laurate. The standard free energy of adsorption (-Δ G) decreased in the order 6->4-_??_2->3-laurate.
The influence of the orientation of pyranoide ring on surface area per molecule and standard free energy of adsorption are discussed based on these results.

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It was Jigoro Kano who successfully made a renovative reform in Japanese Judo, organizing the various schools of traditional Japanese art of self-defence. His idea was based on the firm belief that Judo should be helpful in training the body and mind together, and be effective in molding the human nature so that one may work in the interests of society.
Kouchigari is one of the many techniques to reach the above-mentioned purposes of Judo, and the best technique of Kouchigari should be an embodiment of this idea to the greatest possible degree. The acquisition and application of Kouchigari as kimewaza means to make use of the body and mind in the most effective way.
The author has discussed in this paper the technical changes of Kouchigari that have been taking place so far, and at the same time has dealt with its historical background, origin and fundamental significance.
And the author has considered the analysis of the kinds and techniques of Kouchigari as a grappling that has lead to the inquiry into kime (osaewaza) in addition to kuzushi, tsukuri and kake as basic techniques and to the rational and effective application of Kouchigari.
In the traditional Judo before the modern Judo established by Jigoro Kano, Judo-contests' victory or defeat was decided by nihon (two full points), not by ippon (one full point) as today. And there have been repeated revisions of rules with its spread as the international sports. Today's international umpiring rules of Judo has very delicate criterion for judging, such as yuko or koka. Accordingly, the Kouchigari trick has been changing not only to gain ippon, but also to get advantageous judgement through giving repetitive attacks to the opponents. In other words Kouchigari as a sacrifice trick to get ippon is changing into Kouchigari as a variety (one-hand Kouchigari) which can be easily applied with one hand. Kouchigari as a sacrifice trick is giving place to Kouchigari as a variety aming at gaining an advantageous judgement. This technical change also the case with other techniques of Judo.
With the increasing extension of Judo, the techniques have been seen newly thought-out varieties, while the reconsideration of the techniques in terms of fundamental significance of victory or defeat in Judo contests should be invited in the author's discussion.

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A series of 3-O-alkyl and 3-O-haloalkyl-o-glucoses were prepared from 1, 2 : 5, 6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose and their antibacterial activities were evaluated. The compounds with C₁₂ and C₁₄-alkyl chains were the most effective in vitro antibacterial screening, among 3-O-alkyl and 3-O-haloalkyl derivatives. The 3-O-alkyl derivatives were more effective than 3-O-haloalkyl derivatives.

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A series of 3-O-alkyl-1, 2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranoses (3-7), 6-deoxy-3-O-dodecyl-6-halo-1, 2-0-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranoses (9-11), and 6-deoxy-3-O-dodecyl-6-halo-D-glucopyranoses (12-14) were prepared from 1, 2 ; 5, 6-di-O-isopropyridene-α-D-glucofuranose and their antibacterial activities were evaluated. The compounds having C₁₂ and C₁₄ alkylchains at C-3 of 1, 2-0-isopropylidene glucoses were the most effective in vitro antibacterial screening, of which the structure-activity relationships are also discussed.

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新しいタイプの非イオン界面活性剤またはその中間体を合成するための基礎的研究の一環として,p-トルエンスルホン酸触媒によるmeso-エリトリトールとドデカナールの反応を行った。主生成物はmeso-エリトリトール長鎖アルキル環状モノアセタールの構造及び幾何異性体であった。これらの異性体をアセタート誘導体として,分取用ガスクロマトグラフを用いて単離した。得られた3つの異性体は,MS,¹H-NMR及びIR分析により,いす形(置換基はe,e,e)のr-2-ウンデシル-c-4-アセトキシメチル-t-5-アセトキシ-1,3-ジオキサン(1a),trans-2-ウンデシル-4-(1,2-ジアセトキシエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン(2a),cis-2-ウンデシル-4-(1,2-ジアセトキシエチル)-1,3-ジオキソラン(3a)であることがわかった。
生成したモノアセタールのβ/αリング比は,グリセリンァセタールの場合と非常に良く一致した。しかし,1,3-ジオキソランのcis/transは著しく異なっていた。これらの比を基にして,meso-エリトリトールモノアセタールの生成に及ぼす立体効果について考察した。

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津軽農村地帯農民によく見られる症状として, 頭痛, 頭重, めまい, 肩から手にかけてのシビレ症状, 時には原因不明と思われるような嘔吐等あるが, これらの症状は, 急性農薬有機燐中毒症を完全に治癒しないで経過した場合や, いつのまにか散布その他の原因で体内に浸入し, 慢性中毒を疑わしめる状態になった場合にまま見られることである。
いずれにせよ, このような症状を呈する場合, 慢性農薬有機燐中毒症を疑い, 主として血清中農薬有機燐の検出, 一般生化学検査, 酵素学的検査を行ない, 特にこのような疑いの持たれる場合, 血中の有機燐の検出結果はどうであるかを検討した。
この結果, 15例全例にダイアジノン, サリチオン, マラソン, スミチオン, パラチオン, EPNのいずれか1乃至は2, 乃至は3, 4の農薬の検出を見た。この事実の意味づけについては, 極めて慎重を要することであるが, 一つにはその個体個体の解毒排泄機能に左右されるであろうし, また, 場合によっては食品よりの摂取も考えられることである。しかも, これらの検出されたことと, 慢性農薬有機燐中毒と疑われる場合と, 実際にどれだけの正確な関連があるかは, 侵入経路並びに残留問題と同様, 今後の重要な課題として, 更に深く検討したいと思う。

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9年間にわたって2ヵ所の幼児心身障害児施設において継続的に咽頭溶血レンサ球菌培養を行った. 咽頭培養は1回につき1施設の半数を対象とし年4～12回行った. 対象児はK施設におけるダウン症候群児, 精神発達遅延児など計244名とH施設における脳性麻痺児, その他脳脊髄性を含む肢体不自由児計134名である. 平均保菌率はK施設では11.1%, H施設では6.4%であり施設により差が認められた (p<0.05). K施設では0～43.5%の保菌率で冬期 (16.5%) に高く夏期 (6.6%) に低く推移していた (p<0.005). 87年 (T12), 88年 (T28), 90年 (T1), 9年 (T1) に同一菌型による流行がみられた. H施設ではK施設よりも明らかに低率で推移し冬期でもA群菌の保菌率の上昇は認められなかった. 疾患別では年齢の最も低いダウン症候群が12.6%(平均年齢2.7歳) と最も高く, 精神発達遅延児群では10.0%(同3.9歳), 脳性麻痺児との他の脳脊髄性運動麻痺群が6.4%(同3.3歳) であった. 同一菌型が2回以上分離されたのは2例のみであった.

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アルキルグルコシド, アルキルマルトシド, ショ糖脂肪酸エステル, グルコシド脂肪酸エステルなどの糖型界面活性剤の物理化学的な諸性質に関して, 親水性頭部の糖が互いにアノマーの関係にあるもの同士の相違に注目して概説した。
界面活性剤固体あるいは水との2成分系におけるアルキルグルコシドの相挙動は, α型とβ型とでは顕著な相違を示す。β型のアルキルグルコシドと水との2成分系については, 疎水基鎖長の効果についても検討され, デシル基を持つものでは0.1wt%から17wt%の濃度域で2相に液-液分離するが, オクチル基やノニル基を持つものは相分離しないことが確かめられている。
デシルグルコシドのミセルは濃度増加にともなって成長し, 17wt%以上の濃度ではミセルネットワーク構造が形成されると思われる。他の糖型界面活性剤がつくるミセルに関しても大きさと形状について検討されており, デシルマルトシドおよびオクタノイルグルコシドはα型とβ型とでは異なった大きさのミセルをつくることが確かめられている。

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The esterification of n-fatty acids with 1- and 2-butanols catalyzed by macroreticular sulfonated ion exchange resin has been studied in a batch reactor. The reaction was first-order in concentration of fatty acid over the range of experimental conditions.
From the results summarized in Figs.-2 and 3, it was determined that neither bulk diffusion nor pore diffusion is a limiting step in the reaction.
The results of Fig.-4 show that in the esterification with 1-butanol catalyzed by the ion exchange resin the carbon number of fatty acid influences significantly the reaction rate, in other words the ion exchange resin as catalyst has selectivity. However, as may be seen in Fig.-5, in the esterification with 2-butanol the selectivity of the catalyst was not recognized. The above results are explained by introducing the assumption that the reaction with 1-butanol is catalyzed by the hydrophobic proton and the matrix-bound -SO₃H groups, the reaction with 2-butanol is catalyzed by the hydrophobic proton and hydrated proton in the resin matrix.

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In the tooth exchange of an individual it has been vaguely assumed that deciduous teeth with relatively large size would be succeeded by permanent ones with proportionally large size, and inversely deciduous teeth with smaller size by permanent ones with correspondingly smaller size. The problem, however, seems to remain a pure conjecture since there are few such studies available from statistical view-Point. This scarsity of study is due in part to difficulty of in vivo study on an individual whose first milk tooth, for instance, and its successor, the permanent second premolar are to be examined collaterally as to the sizes and other morphological traits. In the present study the difficulty was overcome by selecting those subjects who are provided with both the second milk molar and the permanent first molar, and by taking plaster models of jaws from these subjects. On these plaster models Observations and measurements were conducted on the teeth of the right side of upper and lower jaws and comparison was made on the mesio-distal and linguo- buccal diameters of the teeth with the coefficients of correlation. Correlation between the milk teeth and their successors was also studied on the number of cusps of upper tooth crowns and on the Dryopithecus pattern in the lower teeth. The results of study revealed that positive correlation existed with both mesio-distal and bucco-lingual diameters of these teeth, which means that larger milk second molars are followed by correspondingly larger permanent first molars and smaller milk second molars by smaller permanent ones. It was also revealed that certain degree of correlation was shown to exist between the milk second molars and permanent first molars with respect to the changes in the cusp forms of upper tooth crowns and in Dryopithecus pattern of lower jaw teeth.

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The dental arches of the siblings apparently resemble one another in their form and measurement values. How about the dimension of tooth crown? This question stimulated the present authors to look into their relation. The materials used in this study are the plaster casts of upper and lower jaws obtained from the inhabitants in Kamiina District, Nagano Prefecture. On these plaster casts mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters were measured, and rectangle (mesiodistal diameter×buccolingual diameter) was calculated.

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