戦略的創造研究推進事業さきがけ

内因性微粒子の放出と細胞間伝播の現場を可視化する技術の開発

東京大学 大学院薬学系研究科 特任助教

白崎 善隆

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戦略的創造研究推進事業さきがけ 光の利用と物質材料・生命機能

研究課題「ナノサイズ高輝度バイオ光源の開発と生命機能計測への応用」

大阪大学産業科学研究所　教授　永井 健治

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エントロピに負号を付けるという, ネゲントロピの従来の定義は, 情報や秩序, 非平衡性, 仕事などを統一した概念としてとらえるには不十分であった. 本研究では従来の定義に変更を加えた新しい定義を提案し, 上記の諸概念をより適切に表現できる量を導いた. これによってネゲントロピと仕事との密接な関連が示され, この方向は有効なエネルギなどへもつながるが, 本報ではこのような展開のための基礎概念の定式化を行っている.

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The capacity of negentropy is the maximum negentropy that a system can have. For example, the negentropy contained by a cylinder-piston system becomes larger as the piston is moved inward, but practically it has a maximum, namely, the capacity of negentropy. Generally, capacity represents a certain type of macroscopic order (capacity-type of order) which comes from the relation between molecules, and without this type of order, negentropy cannot beheld by a system. Capacity-type of order is regarded as a pattern which has the property of recovering its origin in thermodynamic situations, and the order may be destroyed by negentropy which exceeds the capacity. Although nonequilibrium-type of order, which is represented by negentropy, differs from the capacity-type of order, they are intimately related with each other. The general definition of the capacity is made in a statistical-mechanical manner based on negentropy defined by Kullback-Leibler information.

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放射線は極微の世界から無限の宇宙まで走りまわり, そこで起っている現場の情報をとらえる. 放射線にとらえられた情報の解読は, 人類に千里眼的超能力を与え, 今世紀の目覚ましい物理学の発展の原動力となった. 1930年代には放射線を使って生命の支配的因子"遺伝子"の謎を解こうという研究が真剣になされ, それはE. Schrodingerの名著「」を生むに到った. この小冊子は, やがて誕生する分子生物学の強力な推進力となった. 本稿では, この歴史的発端をふりかえりつつ, その後の研究の発展を紹介する.

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The development of a multicellular organism is a dynamic process. With the increase of the cell number, starting from one or a few cells, cells are differentiated with different compositions. These differet types of cells form an ordered pattern. It is rather surprising that differentiation in cell types and formation of controlled patterns are compatible, because the former gives morphogenetic diversification whereas the latter implies recursive production of a cell ensemble, reducing individual differences. We studied this problem by taking a simple cell model with intracellular reaction dynamics of chemical concentrations, cell-cell interactions, and increase in cell numbers. We show that, by starting from an initial object consisting of both the cell type with diverse chemicals and the differentiated cell type, the recursive production of a multicellular organism with morphogenetic diversity is possible.

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