This paper traces changes experienced by youth in Tsurukawa Village in Minami-Tama County, Tokyo Prefecture, who faced modernization as a result of mass socialization in the 1920s and 1930s. Tsurukawa Village experienced drastic changes from being an isolated farming village to a farming village adjacent to the expanding Tokyo metropolitan area. This paper focuses on how local young men reconstructed the vision of their village through their elementary school alumni magazine as a tool of public opinion formation.

The youth sought for a vision of their village in the alumni magazines that could not be sufficiently covered by state logic, while making efforts to coordinate school education with societal education. Their efforts are worthy of attention because they proposed rational farming to attract urban residents to become loyal customers when Tsurukawa Railway Station was constructed as part of the Odakyu Line which opened in April 1927, and a proposed flexible citizen model (farmer) who attached importance on dialogue, discussion and public opinion. This paper reveals the process of “establishing an official ego” by young farmers in the suburbs of the metropolitan area who wavered between their adoration of the decadent urban modernist culture and the backlash against it.

The final issue of the alumni magazine published in December 1937 following the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War, showed practical farming of shiitake mushrooms cultivation during the agricultural off-season, but also included “Guidelines for National Spiritual Mobilization.” The “Guidelines” clearly urged youth to strengthen their spirit on the “home front.” The alumni magazine’s strong coordination with Tsurukawa Elementary School was initially intended to explore the future vision of the village and support revitalization of the community by positioning the school as a center of the community. In reality, however, during wartime, these efforts ended up becoming a double-edged sword that eventually allowed state logic to subvert their future vision of the village.

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本論は、立ち入り不可の雨水専用調整池を都市において自然が確保された事例として取り上げ、自然を享受する方法として、知覚の利用調整に着目した。雨水調整池の配置、立地、空間形態や囲障構造の特徴を調べ、内部の自然を都市住民が眺望できる空間として機能することを示した。また、調整池の周辺に居住する住民に対する意識調査を行い、調整池に関する印象や認識を把握し知覚する感覚別に整理した。その結果、周辺住民は視環境だけでなく音環境や温熱環境等も知覚しており、内部の自然要素が調整池の印象を良くしていることが示された。自然と人間活動とは干渉するため、触れ合いを制限し眺めを確保する等の知覚の利用調整という考え方が、都市という人工的な環境において自然を享受できる可能性が示唆された。

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 This research reveals the location of Hatazao-shikichi, Flag-Pole-Shaped Housing Lots (FPSHLs) and the causes for their existence in housing development lots, which were built by private companies in Machida city. FPSHLs are not ideal housing lots because they are closely surrounded by other house and residents can only evacuate in case of fire via narrow ails, which are often used as parking lots for the residents. These kinds of housing lots are present in suburban areas as well as downtown. This research identifies the location and causes for the presence of Flag-Pole-Shaped Housing lots in Machida city, which is 30 km away from central Tokyo. Machida has three types of areas. Flat land that was developed since early 1900's as a commercial zone. The hillside with several housing estates was developed after the Second World War. The northern hill area is designated as an urbanization control area.
 There are 88,414 detached houses in Machida city and 7.2% of them are FPSHLs. A survey was conducted with 104 housing estates built by private companies and 13,402 detached houses. More than half of the FPSHLs were formed in the 1960s during the boom of housing estate development in Machida city. Thus, a higher ratio of FPSHL was found in the housing estates built in the 2000s, which was smaller than three hectares and at a distance of one to two and a half kilometers from the stations, and the Quasi-residential and Category 1 medium-to-high-rise exclusive residential area. Recently, the size of housing estates is decreasing, and the smaller housing estates contain a higher ratio of FPSHLs with non-rectangular shape lots.
 The survey of the FPSHL location in the housing estates shows that they are more frequently located in the 25-meter fringe areas than the center areas. In addition, the higher angle of slope of some housing lots can also be the reason for the numerous FPSHLs in housing estates.
 The survey closely observed housing estates that have a high ratio of FPSHLs. Plans of smaller housing estates are unable to include streets that are accessible from all the housing lots, and this situation leads to FPSHLs on the fringes of the housing estate. Most of the private housing estates have been constructed on the hillside with terraced housing lots. Some of those housing lots cannot meet the streets at the required height; therefore, they are connected to the streets that can only be accessed by narrow ails. Another situation that causes FPSHLs is that housing estates are planned on a complex topographic hillside, and the fringe parts are curved into the hills' complex topography. No street access can be planned around these odd spaces, and the housing lots become FPSHLs to be connected to the streets inside the housing estate. The recent housing estates are planned in alignment with the original topography of the hills. Therefore, the housing blocks are not always rectangular. Thus, the FPSHL is located in the center of the odd-shaped housing blocks. We can find these types of housing blocks in the estates of the 2000s rather than those of the 1960s. Some FPSHLs are located along green walking paths. However, vehicles are prohibited on this path and the housing lots need to access the street that is on the other side of the block.
 Based on the research, it can be concluded that FPSHLs are located in housing estates that are developed on the hillside in Machida city. Irregular topography and housing blocks are two major reasons for the existence of FPSHLs.

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