An Al-Zn eutectoid alloy known as a fine-grained superplastic material is tested in tension and compression under superplastic condition, and the influence of the stress state on superplastic deformation behavior, such as flow stress, is investigated. In the compression test, deformation is interrupted and turning is performed to remove a barreled portion so that the specimen section becomes uniform, and then the deformation is continued. As the result, flow stress in the compression becomes higher than that in tension although it is found to be slightly reduced by the removal of barreled portion.

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For high accuracy residual life assessments and repair cost reduce, Residual creep life Assessment for pipes with bainito structures in STPA22 was.developed. the Steam Pipes in the Boilers with bainito structures have a lot of needs cuttting down of the repair costs and safty for operating of the power station. We developed method that measuring by using Modefy Mparameter,Hardness and the new technology by longtimetest for creepvoidgroth in testpieces are discovered. Our created method is very accuracy for result compared with conventional only Hardness assessment of the service plants..

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For instrumentals used at high temperature for long term, such as steam turbine of thermal power plant, it is indispensable to grasp these deterioration states, since a material deterioration of softening, causes strength reduction and embrittlement leads to a falloff of tolerance crack length, etc., advances gradually, even when the creep or creep fatigue are not actualized, in order to prevent a destruction. Although it has been reported, at the hot section with the operating temperature higher than 500 ℃, tensile and creep strength fall together with softening, the knowledge which is needed for future operation management, whether deterioration state will advance with increasing speed or saturate etc., is not acquired. In this study, for the reheat stop valve scrap wood used for more than 300,000 hours, we carried out a hardness testing, charpy impact test, etc., and investigated the deterioration and embrittlement status.

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火力発電所ボイラ配管の余寿命評価対象部位が，製作時の熱処理により通常のフェライト・パーライト組織ではなくベイナイト組織となった場合，現状ではベイナイト組織のクリープ損傷メカニズムは解明されておらず，寿命評価曲線（マスターカーブ）も存在しないため，余寿命の評価が困難である。そのため，ベイナイト組織の損傷メカニズムを解明し，損傷メカニズムに基づき作成したマスターカーブにより，余寿命を評価できるクリープ余寿命評価法を開発した。

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Occasionally, we have experienced cases of patients with mild articulating pain who have been introduced to opioids. We considered the possibility that physician assessment alone might be insufficient. We developed and examined the usefulness of a system that helps pharmacists perform a pain assessment prior to consultation and suggest prescriptions for analgesics.

From March 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020, the number of prescription suggestions and the rate at which they were adopted were investigated in patients who were instructed before opioid introduction. The number of patients instructed was 226, whereas the number of prescription suggestions was 231, with an adoption rate of 98.3％. The 23 patients who did not use opioids showed significantly improved mean pain scores, from a median NRS of 3 - 2 (P = 0.0123), with the most intense pain decreasing from a median NRS of 7 - 5 (P = 0.0154). We believe that pain assessment before opioid induction facilitated the selection of an appropriate analgesic. However, among the nine patients who were instructed after opioid introduction, two expressed minor pain. We believe that the pharmacist's prescription suggestion, which is tailored to the patient’s life background and general condition, promoted the selection of an appropriate analgesic.

In conclusion, pharmacists should evaluate pain and prescription suggestions before introducing opioids as a strategy to support medical treatment and promote appropriate opioid use, thereby suggesting their active utilization in clinical practice throughout Japan.

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Internal medicine cannot be used to treat insomnia for inpatients with dysphagia if tube administration is not possible. In such cases, injectable benzodiazepine with a high level of safety is often used in Japan. While a benzodiazepine antagonist is available, there is insufficient data on safe administration methods. Therefore, a survey was conducted to identify the usage status of intravenous injections of flunitrazepam, which is frequently used among injectable benzodiazepines. The survey covered all patients admitted to our hospital between April 1, 2017 and March 31, 2018 on whom intravenous injections of flunitrazepam were used, except for those whose SpO₂ was 95％ or less prior to the intravenous injections of flunitrazepam. For the subjected 45 patients, the median of the maximum daily dose for intravenous injections of flunitrazepam was 1 mg (0.3 - 2); the incidence of respiratory depression (SpO₂ was less than 90％) was 33.3％ (15 patients). Twenty-six patients (57.8％) were able to take a meal or use internal medicines with flunitrazepam. An abnormal value of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was extracted as a factor independently affecting the incidence of respiratory depression (OR = 15.10, 95％CI: 1.610 - 142.0, P = 0.018). As a safe method of administration for intravenous injections of flunitrazepam, it is necessary to appropriately evaluate, before administration, whether or not internal medicine can be used, and if possible, to recommend internal medicine that can be adapted. When administering flunitrazepam by intravenous injection, pay particular attention to patients with an abnormal AST value and it is desirable to monitor their respiratory status during administration.

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　供用後の盤ぶくれ現象の主な形態は，建設時に地山が比較的良好なためにインバートを設けなかった路盤が，掘削時の応力解放とその後の湧水等の影響を受け，強度低下することで路面等が隆起することである．本研究では，供用後にインバートを対策した事例から地山の劣化特性と対策工の現状を整理し，計測データから，対策が施されたトンネルのインバートの軸力を，建設段階で適用されている早期断面閉合の一次インバートの軸力と比較することにより，対策として設置するインバートとして必要な性能について考察する．そして盤ぶくれ現象を再現させた数値解析を用い，そのインバートの形状による支保の効果を比較し，合理的な構造を検討する．

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　早期断面閉合は，リング状に閉合した支保工に軸圧縮力が導入され，周辺地盤に内圧を作用させて変形を抑え，安定性を高める工法である．本論文では，施工事例として31トンネルの支保工耐力にもとづく支保内圧，支保工計測データにもとづく作用土圧を各々圧力として算出し，土被り，地山強度比との相関，閉合距離，一次インバート支保半径比および岩種との傾向分析から，支保構造の特性を明らかにした．そして，早期閉合の支保効果は，閉合距離の短縮と半径比の縮小を地山特性に合わせて設定することにより高めることができること，また，アーチと一次インバートの作用土圧は，双方の間に一定の相関関係があり，これらを考慮することが支保構造の合理化となる目安を示す．

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