Rheological properties of a thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyester which was synthesized from poly (ethylene terephthalate) and 60mol% p-hydroxybenzoic acid were investigated. The dynamic and steady flow properties above the rheological transition temperature (ca.270°C) were studied in detail. It has been found that the steady flow properties are not affected by thermal history in the anisotropic state. The following relations hold between steady flow and dynamic viscoelastic properties of the sample with a shearing history:
|η*(ω)|=η(γ) at ω=γ, and lim_ω→0 G'(ω) =1/5 Lim_γ→0 NN_I(γ)
In the anisotropic state, the thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyester shows a significant shear-thinning of viscosity even at very low shear rates and a first normal stress difference comparable with an isotropic copolyester melt which was synthesized from poly (ethylene terephthalate) and 28mol% p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The steady compliance (Js) of the liquid crystalline copolyester in the anisotropic state is about 10 times as large as that of the isotropic copolyester melt when compared at the same shear stress. It is shown that the storage compliance of various liquid crystalline polymers is about 10 times as large as that of liquid crystalline polymers in the isotropic state and of the crystalline copolyester in the molten state when compared at the same value of |G*|, the absolute value of complex dynamic modulus.

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The Yaizu natural gas field, situated in the Pacific coast of central Japan, is small field with an area of less than 1km².
The total production of dry gas from 13 wells of 100-120 meters in depth, was 950, 000m3 in 1953.
Gas reservoir, a gravel bed (G7) in the basal part of the youngest Quarternary deposits, covers a burried basaltic hill and has an elongated dome-shaped structure.
Temperature gradient, chlorinity of water and gas-water ratio are high at the top of its structure. Moreover, strange to say, the annual production exceeds its estimated reserves. These phenomena are unusual in the Quarternary gas fields in this country. Therefore, the reservoir must be supplied incessantly with some amount of gas.
The origin of supply is probably its underlying Miocene black shale formation which has an imbricated structure. But remarkable heat of the bottom has a different origin.

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Snow shoveling is generally considered to be undesirable type of exercise from the reasons of requirement of higher cardiovascular function. The upper body takes the deep flexion posture by the snow-lifting work, and load concentrates on a spinal column and the back. To overcome the posture load, a modified handle was designed. This handle has S-shape curvature to allow a person to assume an upright standing posture while snow shoveling. In this way, various techniques for labor assistance are suggested, but the evaluation is not performed very much when they use it continuously. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the relationships between change of the stamina and physical strength such as muscular strength or the power from the comparison of shovel handle shape. The physical strength of the subjects was measured before and after intervention of the 6-week daily snow-shoveling work and performed a multiple regression analysis, but the handle shape did not affect the result.

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We performed systematic sampling and description of the Adatara-Dake tephra outcrop on the summit of Adatara volcano, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan in order to reveal the detailed eruption sequence and temporal evolution of the magma system of this volcano that erupted 120ka BP. Even though there is no recognizable eruption hiatus represented by a paleosoil layer, pyroclastic fall characteristics at the outcrop permit to divide Adatara-Dake tephra into 19 layers: A to R; from bottom to top. The earlier layers (A to L) are characterized by successive pumice fall deposits, intercalated by thin volcanic sand layers. The later layers (M to R) are rich in scoria fall and are partly welded, with agglutinate found in layers O and R. Representative clasts from each layer were analyzed to determine the grain size distribution, componentry, modal composition and whole rock chemistry. Layer M can be correlated petrologically and petrographically with the lower part of Yugawa pyroclastic flow deposit on the eastern foot and the Motoyama pyroclastic flow deposit on the western flank of the volcano. Similarly, the upper part of Yugawa pyroclastic flow correlate with layer N, meanwhile the upper part of Motoyama pyroclastic flow correlate with layers O or R. There is an increase in the lithic fraction with decreasing sorting in layer M, which we interpret to indicate increasing enlargement of vent during the phase of this layer. The scoria/pumice volume ratio also increases remarkably in layer M, suggesting that vent enlargement and sudden increase of mafic magma during phase M caused the column collapse that generated the Yugawa and Motoyama pyroclastic flows. The mafic magma composition changed after layer O, with the FeO^*/MgO ratios becoming less than 2.1. After this change in chemistry in phases O to R, pyroclastic flows were continuously generated and agglutinated deposits were formed at the summit. This suggests that the eruption style of the final phase abruptly changed to relatively low column height.

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The Miocene Mizunami group is typically developed in the environs of Mizunami city, Gihu Prefecture. In Tukiyosi and Togari regions of the same city, the group is lithologically divided in descending order into the following four formations:
4) The Oidawara tuffaceous mudstone
3) The Hazama pumiceous sandstone and conglomerate
2) The Togari tuffaceous siltstone
1) The Tukiyosi tuffaceous sandstone

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Effect of flow history on the rheological properties of a well-known thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyester which was synthesized from poly (ethylene terephthalate) and 60 mol % p-hydroxybenzoic acid was investigated. The development behavior and steady values of shear stress, σ, and first normal stress difference, N₁, and frequency dependence of dynamic viscoelastic functions were measured by means of a cone-plate type rheometer. Flow histories were controlled by steady and interrupted flows. The development of σ and N₁ on a virgin sample shows a two-step overshoot. For sheared samples, the maxima of the stresses at the first overshoot drastically decreased, as compared with those for virgin samples. The initial behavior can not be recovered by resting the sheared samples for as long as 20 min. The values of dynamic viscoelastic functions measured after steady-state in shearing flow are significantly lower than those for virgin state. On the other hand, the steady state values of a and N₁ are independent of the flow histories. It is concluded that the structure of the thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyester at rest changes to other one irreversibly after being subjected to steady shear flow, but the structure under steady-shear flow is unique and not affected by the shear histories.

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Two burried hills, a wave-cut terrace and a drowned valley were found under Quaternary deposits of Port Yaizu, Pacific coast of Japan, by detailed examination of well-logs in the gas field.

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In this paper, we studied a pre-cooling system by using adsorption cool storage for automobiles on the purpose of getting a cool breeze immediately after getting on. The adsorbent should be appropriate depends on the operation condition of adsorption cool storage. We found that FAPO34 is appropriate because the adsorbed amount increases at the relative humidity 0.05. We verified the effect by simulations and experiments. As results, it was proven to be able to lower the temperature of the blow air from 60°C to 35°C when the cool storage which uses absorbent 1.0kg was operated for 60 seconds before getting on.

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Recently bulk density of clastic rocks has been measured in core-analysis or at gravity survey by some geologists. As the value of bulk density are varied by porosity and water content in the same sample, it is necessary to exchange the value into the unit weight in water saturated state.
The ralation between unit weight in weter saturated state (ρ3), average unit weight of mineral constituents of the aggregate (ρ0) and porosity (n) is expressed by the equation ρ3=ρ0(1-n)+n (1) (where specific gravity of sutarated water ρω=1)
So that the eguation to exchange the unit weight in dry state (ρ1) into ρ3 is as follows: ρ3=ρ1(1-1/ρ0)+1 (2)
On replacing the dry state (ρ1) by the natural state (ρ2), the equation (2) will be transformed as follows: ρ3=ρ2(1-W0)(1-1/ρ0)+1 (3) Where W0 is water content in natural state.
The more the porosity decreases according as the geclogic time passes, the thinner the bed of clastic rocks becomes. The relation between these thickness and porosity is expressed by the equation d1/d1=1-n1/1-ni (4)
in which d1=original thickness of the stratum n1=original porosity of the stratum di=the thickness of the stratum when the porosity (ni) varies from n1 to ni, (ni<n1)

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EVの問題として，空調使用時の航続距離短縮が挙げられる．特に暖房時では防曇のため外気導入を行っており，再熱過程で大きなエネルギー消費を招いている．本研究では効率的な防曇を行うよう外気導入率を制御し，快適性確保を達成しつつ，暖房時におけるエネルギー消費の抑制を図る．

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本研究では, ETCデータを活用した旅行時間信頼性評価手法を構築し, 2006年度1年間のデータを用いて既存の高速道路ネットワークが提供するサービスの質を旅行時間信頼性の観点から分析した. 個人の走行特性が含まれたETCデータを用いてサービスの質を評価するために, 時間帯ごとの15分間平均値を適用し, 休憩車両, 事故・工事事象等の外れ値は処理する必要性があることを示した. 分析対象区間の時間信頼性について信頼性評価指標でもって定量化することで, 区間・月・時間帯によってサービスレベル特性の差異が存在することを確認した. 一連の分析結果から信頼性評価指標を平均的なサービスレベルと併せて評価する必要性があることを述べた.

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Dynamic measurements were made on two thermotropic liquid crystalline cellulose derivatives abbreviated as HEC-C5 and TBC. HEC-C5 is a hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) fully acylated with pentanoic acid. Since the chemical structure of the HEC is disordered (DS=1.5 and MS=3.0), that of the tripentanoate also becomes disordered. TBC is a tri-O-β-butoxyethyl cellulose, fully etherified cellulose (DS=MS=3.0) having an ordered structure. In both samples, the temperature dependence as well as the frequency dependence of the dynamic viscoelastic functions clearly and unambiguously reflected the three states of the polymers, i.e., an anisotropic liquid, isotropic liquid, and anisotropic/isotropic co-existing state. TBC was found to undergo an anisotropic-to-isotropic transition in a very narrow temperature span (less than 10°C), the dynamic viscosity η′ increasing by a factor about 10 in this temperature span. Moreover, the temperature dependence of η′ of TBC measured at a constant frequency showed two characteristic temperatures, other than the anisotropic-to-isotropic transition temperature, which indicated certain structural changes in this polymer in the liquid crystalline state. No such detailed information was obtained from the η′-temperature diagram of HEC-C5, which showed only a very broad anisotropic/isotropic co-existing region extending from about 90°C to 145°C. These marked differences in the transition and other behavior between the two polymers are believed to originate from their difference in chemical structural order.

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Because of the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, CFCs and HCFCs are on the way to the phase out. HFCs are one of the promising alternatives, but they have large global warming potential. From the viewpoints of ozone depletion and global warming, natural working fluids for compression heat pumping systems are being watched with keen interest especially in European countries. In the present study, cycle performances of propane, ammonia and carbon dioxide as a working fluid are calculated, and are compared with those of HCFC22. A theoretical fundamental heat pump cycle and a fundamental cycle with secondary refrigerant are selected for comparison; besides, a liquid injection cycle for ammonia and an internal heat exchange cycle for carbon dioxide are calculated. The effects of heat transfer characteristics and pressure drop in heat exchangers on heat pump performance are evaluated.

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Natural gas occurrs in the Tertiary sediments, containing carbon dioxide in high percentage. Carbon dioxide may be volcanic origin.

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安達太良火山の12万年前の噴火は、最近25万年間のマグマ供給系の転換点であったとされている。また、安達太良山頂降下火砕物と湯川及び元山火砕流、岳軽石はいずれも12万年前に噴出したとされている。これらの噴出物の噴出順序を解明するとともに、噴火時のマグマの組成変化を明らかにし、マグマ供給系の転換を伴う噴火変遷の解明を試みた。12万年前の噴火推移は、各噴出物の噴出順序、山頂降下火砕物の層相及びinman法に基づく淘汰度から検討した。初期は淘汰が悪い層と焼結した火山砂層が卓越するため、噴煙柱が低い不安定な噴火と比較的小規模な噴火を繰り返していた。中期では淘汰が比較的良いため、安定した噴煙柱を維持する噴火が支配的であった。後期では淘汰は悪く、火砕流も複数回発生していたため、噴煙柱は不安定であった。末期では淘汰は良くなった後、アグルチネートが噴出しているため、再び噴煙柱が安定し、その後小規模な噴火に推移していった。

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はじめに A氏は強度行動障害のため、入院当初から異食や何にでも突進していく行動がみられていた。2018年2月頃より母親が体調不良のため面会が減少し、その頃より床やベッド柵に頭をぶつける行為が頻回となり、安全なオムツ交換が困難となった。自傷行動の原因を追究し、オムツ交換時の環境を整え、統一した関わりをすることで行動に変化がみられた。 研究方法 対象：A氏、50歳代、脳性麻痺・精神発達遅滞・強度行動障害スコア36 1）オムツ交換時行動観察シートに記録　　 2）ストラテジーシートによる分析　 3）オムツ交換手順書の作成・周知・実施　 4）手順書に沿った関わりについて評価・修正 結果・考察 行動観察シートの記録から、オムツ交換を他患者と同じタイミングで実施しており、部屋は騒々しく落ち着ける環境ではなかった。また、スタッフ2名でオムツ交換をしていたため行動が制限され、恐怖心を抱き、自傷行動につながったと考えた。話し合いをもち、オムツ交換時の手順書を作成した。統一した関わりを始めて1週間ほどで自ら臥床し、声をかけると腰や足を上げて協力をしてくれるようになり自傷行動が減少した。 行動観察シートと、ストラテジーシートでの分析により看護を考える場となった。統一した関わりをしていく中で、看護師は穏やかな声かけやA氏の行動が落ち着くまで見守るなど時間と気持ちに余裕をもって関わるようになった。　 A氏の本当の気持ちを正しく知ることは難しいが、常に思いを知るために真摯に関わろうとする看護師の気持ちが、伝わったのではないかと考える。長期入院となる重症心身障害児（者）病棟では、生活や周囲の環境の変化による対応が重要となってくる。自分の気持ちを言葉で伝えることができない患者の表情や行動を観察し、関わっていくことが大切だと考える。 申告すべきCOIはない。

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