Sections of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver tissues embedded in plastic from 25 cases of HCC including 20 autopsy and 5 surgical cases were examined for histochemical activity of γGTP, Alp, Acp, β-glucuronidase (βG) and α-naphthylacetate esterase (αN). Activities of CEA, AFP, lysozyme (LZ) and αl-antichymotrypsin (AACT) were also examined for paraffin sections of these tissues.
HCC was classified histologically into 4 groups namely thin, medium and thick trabecular types and free-cell type. Finely granular activities of Acp and βG and diffuse cytoplamsic staining for αN were found in the cytoplasm, whereas the activities of γGTP, Alp and CEA were demonstrated in the cell membrane of the bile canalicular structure of thin trabecular type HCC. Many αN positive macrophages were also observed in the sinusoid-like structures of the thin trabecular HCC. These findings were similar to those of non-cancerous liver tissues, and were inconspicuous in other types of HCC. Macrophages in the sinusoid-like structures of HCC and Kupffer cells of cirrhotic liver tissues showed marked αN and Acp activities though the activities of LZ and AACT were weak or almost absent. On the other hand, Kupffer cells of non-cirrhotic liver tissue were clearly positive not only for αN and Acp but also for LZ and AACT.
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