現在の福岡市中心部は、福岡部と博多部の2つから構成される。前者は那珂川を境に西側にある武士の町で、後者は那珂川の東側にある商人の町である。1945年の空襲で破壊された天神地区は現在、商業施設が高度に集積した九州最大の繁華街であるが、かつての天神地区は福岡城下町の場末で、商業の中心地は中世から続く博多であった。本稿では、戦前戦後の福岡市中心部を構成した中小規模の市場・商業空間に着目し、戦後それらの空間がどのように変容したのかを明らかにする。そこで本稿では、多くの市場・商業空間の中で、罹災した博多部の商人が福岡部で商店街を再興した「新天町商店街」、戦時体制下に空き店舗になった場所に商人が入居した「柳橋連合市場」、復興計画で変容する

 The years after World War II saw Occupied Japan as a defeated nation. People had to improvise in many aspects of daily life in Japan. In the chaos of the post-war recovery large and very lucrative black markets opened throughout Japan. In Tokyo, There are many black markets. For example,Shin- jyuku, Okachimachi, Akihabara Shibuya. Some days after the surrender of Japan, the Ozu-gumi placed advertisements in major newspapers asking for company and factory owners, to come to his office and discuss distribution of their products.For example, Ozu-gumi which is one of the large gang group of Tokyo created a large market near the East gate the Shinjuku station. Some days after the surrender of Japan, the Ozu-gumi placed advertisements in major newspapers asking for company and factory owners, to come to his office and discuss distribution of their products. Ozu-gumi created a large mar- ket near the East gate the Shinjuku station.

 In early occupied Japan, The black markets were the first economic entities. About foods and ap- parel, official lines of supply and stores had either been very delayed or had nothing to sell. People who were desperate for food and basic necessities go to the black market.

 The second transformation is change to commercial buildings from small shops. There ware many small shops in Shibuya district. There shops will cause the grate fire. Tokyo metropolitan government and Shibuya ward office has begun a project to redevelop the area. But There are many stakehold- er(For example, Land owners, leaseholders, concessionaires) in this district. At the time, the area was involved in the process of urban redevelopment. Benefits accrue to the community from reconstruction. The other hand, Station area became an emporium, aging rapidly.

 One of these examples, that of “Shibuya-109 Building(Dogenzaka Kyodo Building, open from 1979)” is typical case. This area change to Commercial Accumulation from small stores and stallholders in the black market. There are hundreds of stakeholders. Tokyu Corporation which is developer of This build- ing choice shopping building style. Because if it choice department store, have to keep to the strict regu- lations for Large-Scale Retail Stores for Preservation of Living Environment. Now, Shibuya-109 became one of the largest center of young ladies apparel retail stores. In Akihabara district, many stores are in a complementary relationship. But Those stores are in a competitive relationship in Shibuya district.

This paper aims to clarify the process of commercial group in the case of markets in after WWⅡ Kyoto city. Here Black-markets and daily-retail-markets are targeted and following two points are found: firstly, in Kyoto city after Black market deported in August 1946, Kyoto prefecture government allow stalls to open under the regulation. New permission places are expansion to sub-urban area than pre-war and choosing site of building evacuation. Secondly, many privately-owned retail markets opened after WWⅡ and managed by association of merchants. Namely, commercial groups located sub-urban area and new commercial foundation by autonomous activities by merchants.