The phrase " Spirit" is frequently used to characterize the features of the Honolulu Marathon. Accordingly, Japanese participants express their appreciation of the " Spirit," even though its significance does not necessarily conform to the traditional notion of "" shared by Hawaiians. When the Japanese return home, they share their experience of the Spirit with others, who in turn, learn about the marathon and the spirit. The touristic notion of the Spirit of the marathon is reproduced and perpetuated in this manner through tourists and the tourism industry. This study shows that tourists not only confirm the image of tourism as has been proposed by Boorstin and others but also reproduce the image of the tourism.

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本研究では,大学初任者教員が職務における悩みについて対話するオンライン環境「!」を用いた実践を扱う.「!」は,ナラティヴ・アプローチの枠組みを援用した加藤(2009)の対話ルールに基づき,ビデオチャットを用いて対話をすることができる.初任者教員が「!」を用いた実践から,この取り組みが彼らの悩みの解決や,悩みの「見方」が変化することによる悩みの対処につながることが明らかになった.また本実践で対話が促された要因として,「!」そのものの機能に加え,初任者教員が対等な立場であることで,安心感を持ち対話できたことが示唆された.

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　画像解析が浴衣, アロハシャツおよびかりゆしウェアの様々な色柄模様の視覚的特徴の評価に適用された. これらの色柄模様の測色がカラースキャナーで行われた. 画像内の各画素 (i, j) に対してCIEカラーシステムのL^*, a^*, b^*, C^*およびhが求められた. すべての画素に対するL^*, a^*, b^*, C^*およびhの平均値 (AVE-L^*, AVE-a^*, AVE-b^*, AVE-C^*およびAVE-h) が色彩情報量としてそれぞれ求められた. 色柄模様のグレイレベル分布から統計的に抽出された角二次モーメント, コントラスト, 相関およびエントロピーが形態情報量として測定された. 視覚的特徴が色柄模様の類似性や相違性との関係から議論された. さらに, 順伝搬型ニューラルネット学習アルゴリズムが適用され, 視覚的評価システムの精度の向上に非常に良い結果を与えた. 学習した順伝搬型ニューラルネットモデルは色柄模様を用いて浴衣, アロハシャツおよびかりゆしウェアの判別への適用が十分実行可能であることが示された.

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In an inter-vihicle communication (IVC) system using OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) modulation and a CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance) scheme as a MAC (Media Access Control) protocol, the performance is degraded by hidden terminals. IVC using DS-CDMA (Direct Spread-Code Division Multiple Access) has been researched to remedy this problem. However, when this method is applied, there is a concern about the degradation of communication characteristics due to intersymbol interference. This intersymbol interference is divided into two types: (1) different intersymbol interference and (2) same intersymbol interference. In this paper, it is shown that each interference can be reduced by using two proposed methods, improving the communication characteristics.

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通信衛星には広域性, 耐災害性, 易回線設定性など, 地上の通信では得がたい特徴がある. また, 多量の情報を伝送できる利点があり, これらの特徴を生かした総合的な医療情報ネットワークの構築が期待できる. 利用局数, 利用形態などを考慮し, 医療独自の伝送手順をもつことが重要と考える.

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The film Princess Kaiulani (2009) depicts the life of Hawaiian Princess Kaiulani. Undeterred by the political and economic turmoil in Hawaii, her uncle King Kala­kaua entertains grandiose fantasies of creating an empire in the Pacific by expanding the sphere of Hawaiian dominance into Polynesia. On an around-the-world tour, the King visits Japan and relates to Emperor Meiji that at one time the Japanese Prince Higashifushimi Yorihito had been engaged to marry Princess Kaiulani, but the plan had fallen apart. Moreover, King Kala­kaua intends to sell a few islands to foreign countries in order to support the domestic economy of his country. Meanwhile, Princess Kaiulani is transformed into a Victorian woman after she is sent to England to receive an education. Comradery and friendship between women were central to Victorian society, and women were encouraged to cultivate feminine virtues of sympathy and altruism in order to become good spouses. Following the death of King Kala­kaua, the Hawaiian monarchy is overthrown. As a fighter, Princess Kaiulani attempts to restore the sovereignty of the throne. During this process, her status as a Victorian woman becomes useful. What does cultural sustainability mean for Hawaii? King Kala­kaua attempts to sell his islands to foreign countries; meanwhile, Princess Kaiulani transforms into a magnificent Victorian woman. Therefore, what cultural heritage will they leave for the next generation? The answer is the ubiquitous

spirit which inspires people to care for their brethren. Despite Princess Kaiulani becoming a Victorian woman educated in England, the sympathy and altruism she displays derive from the spirit of .

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In case the Nankai megathrust earthquake occurs, there is a risk that a tsunami has the tanks move or buckle on the premises of chemical factories on the Pacific Ocean side, resulting in the chemical release. This study aims to evaluate the measures to prevent chemical release by the tsunami caused by the Nankai megathrust earthquake and to assess the human health effects caused by this chemical accident. For the former, we used the method of release probability to evaluate two measures: keeping the storage rate of the tank high and raising the storage floor of the tank. For the latter, we assumed seven release cases with different storage rates and different raised heights of floor, and calculated atmospheric concentration after the accident. The results showed that the combined risk of release probability and human health effects is smallest when storage rate is 60% and raised height is 1.5 m.

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This research deals with real-world practice concerning the application of the online environment "!" to dialogues related to on-the-job problems faced by beginning university teachers. "!" is based on the dialogue rules established by Kato (2009), which adopt a narrative approach framework, and makes possible dialogue through a videoconferencing chat format. It was clearly demonstrated that the interaction made possible by the use of "!" in the practice was linked to the ability of the beginning teachers to cope with their problems either by discovering solutions to them or by changing their "perspectives" concerning these problems. Furthermore, it was shown that among the factors facilitating dialogue through this practice-in addition to the actual functions of "!"-was the fact that the beginning teachers engaged in the dialogues were on an equal footing, which allowed them to participate in these dialogues with a sense of security.

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When cut gerbera flowers absorb water after dry transport, some cultivars often exhibit petal curling, a phenomenon known as “Ben-sori” in Japanese. This study showed that the occurrence rate differed among gerbera cultivars, with ‘

’, ‘Prime Time’ and ‘Kimsey’ being categorized as sensitive cultivars, while ‘Pinta’ and ‘Vivid’ were insensitive. In ‘’, petal curling caused the abaxial length and adaxial width of epidermal cells to be significantly shorter than in normal petals. ‘’ flowers harvested at later developmental stages were less affected by petal curling compared with those harvested at earlier stages. The petal length and width increased sharply at stage 4 (anthesis), and the development ray florets finished at stage 6 (flowers with anthers visible in three outermost rings in disk florets). Therefore, cut gerbera flowers that still have petal elongation potential may exhibit increased occurrence of petal curling symptoms. Lower absorption temperatures accelerated petal curling, and the most severe symptoms were observed at 5°C. Interestingly, when cut flowers absorbed water at 15°C, no symptoms were detected. We propose two ways to prevent the occurrence of petal curling in cut gerbera flowers: first, harvest flowers of sensitive cultivars at later developmental stages when anthers are visible in the two or three outermost rings of disk florets and second, allow water absorption at around 15°C after dry transport. These prevention strategies can resolve issues associated with petal curling for both flower retailers and customers and will improve the quality of cut gerberas.

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We propose an efficient tag collection algorithm utilizing empty time slots in active RFID systems. In the proposed tag collection algorithm, the reader recognizes the existence of empty time slots via carrier sensing, and utilizes the redundant empty time slots to transmit sleep commands to the tags collected, resulting in performance improvement for tag collection. The simulation results show that the proposed tag collection algorithm can reduce the average tag collection time by 12.28%, 12.30%, and 13.31%, for the framed slotted with the fixed 128 time slots and 256 time slots, and the dynamic framed slotted anticollision protocols, respectively.

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In this organized session, four presentations were provided by the member of S-17, which was managed by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund, ERCA. The first half of the presentation was relevant to the overall research framework and its key issue for the identification of unknown released chemicals. The second half of the presentation discussed case studies, including issues on the selection procedure for representative scenarios and substances; the evaluation of measures against risk, recovery, and resilient phases after a disaster; and comparative analysis among local government capacities. Here, we explored the risk assessment technologies related to the measurement, analysis, and evaluation of numerous data. We focused on the developmental application and also discussed the necessity and importance of devising various scenarios and formulating a detailed design of case studies for each disaster for social implementation.

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The Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) tags collision problem has been analyzed in this paper. A novel ultra high frequency (UHF) RFID system scheme, which is based on combination of Dynamic Framed Slotted (DFSA) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) with Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) code, was proposed. The proposed scheme has an ability to identify at most m (the length of OVSF code) tags simultaneously in one time slot. The theoretical analysis and computer simulation show that the proposed solution has significant improvement in expected system throughput when compared to classical simplex DFSA system scheme.

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Binary search tree and framed algorithms are commonly adopted to solve the anti-collision problem in RFID systems. In this letter, the read efficiency of these two anti-collision algorithms is compared through computer simulations. Simulation results indicate the framed algorithm requires less total read time than the binary search tree algorithm. The initial frame length strongly affects the uplink throughput for the framed algorithm.

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Tag collision is a major problem in the field of multi-tag identification in RFID systems. To solve this problem, many RFID systems adopt their own collision arbitration algorithms based on framed-structure slotted (FSSA) due to the simplicity of implementation. The frame size, meaning the number of slots in a frame, is a very important factor to inventory tags' responses in the FSSA. How to assign the frame size is therefore crucial to the collision arbitration performance. Since the existing collision arbitration methods do not consider the slot times of each slot when assigning frame size, they may increase overall identification time. By involving the slot times, we improve the collision arbitration performance of the conventional methods. Simulation results show that collision arbitration based on the proposed method is superior to that based on the conventional methods, irrespective of the number of tags.

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In order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and use hydrogen on a large scale, it is essential to promote the use of hydrogen and convert it into a suitable form for storage and transportation, called energy carrier. Among them, ammonia, which is made by synthesizing hydrogen and nitrogen, is one of the most promising substances. In Japan, on the other hand, excess sludge generated in sewage treatment plants is attracting attention as feedstock for hydrogen production. However, few case studies have evaluated the risks of ammonia release from synthesizing ammonia from hydrogen made in sewage treatment plants. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the impact of chemical spills from this process and identify the vulnerable part in the components where risk countermeasures are needed. In conclusion, it is crucial to take measures such as increasing the strength of compressors and joints and executing daily inspections.

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This letter proposes a power-controlled coded slotted

(PC-CSA) for reliable wireless networks. The proposed PC-CSA introduces the concept of the randomization of the transmission power control mechanism in CSA to achieve reliable packet receptions at base stations. We conduct computer simulations and confirm that the proposed PC-CSA can improve the packet loss rate under a predefined time constraint.

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We made performance estimation of data transmission on the inter-university satellite network which is called SCS(Space Collaboration System). To provide data sharing services besides audiovisual exchange, we try to install a function of the multicast file transfer to SCS. Asymmetric satellite network is constructed using frequency division multiple access(FDMA)for a data channel and a slotted- scheme for a feedback channel. We simulated the throughput performance of multicast communications with a selective ARQ(Automatic Repeat Request)as an error control for the reliable file transfer. The simulation results show bit error rate dominates through-put efficiency in the network.

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Currently, IEEE802.11p and ARIB STD T-109 are available as the typical inter-vehicle communication (IVC) standards. Carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) are used in these standards. However, the performance degrades when there are hidden terminals. In this paper, IVC system that using a direct sequence spread spectrum (DS/SS) modulation scheme is discussed because it has code division multiple access (CDMA) capability. In DS/SS-IVC scheme, it is possible to avoid hidden terminal problem. On the other hand, near-far problem (NFP), multiple access interference (MAI) and interference by equivalent pseudo noise (PN) codes occurs in DS/SS communication. These problems cause performance degradation. In this paper, interference cancellation scheme and slotted scheme with code sensing are applied so as to mitigate the impact of MAI, NFP and interference by equivalent PN code. By applying interference cancellation scheme and slotted scheme with code sensing, the performance of DS/SS-IVC is improved. In this paper, location oriented PN code allocation is focused on as a method of PN code assignment. However, DS/SS-IVC scheme based on location oriented PN code allocation has a problem. Since each vehicle obtain PN code based on the position that is estimated by GPS, performance degrades when GPS positioning error occurs. Therefore, the positioning system of DS/SS-IVC scheme is also discussed in this paper. Elimination of ranging data that has large ranging error is proposed in addition to interference cancellation scheme and slotted scheme with code sensing in order to improve the performance of positioning. From the simulation results, the positioning error can be mitigated by applying these proposed techniques.

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