The errors in the following list appeared in the article titled "Characteristics of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis and Anticentriole Autoantibodies" by Hisataka Maki, Kana Kubota, Masaru Hatano, Shun Minatsuki, Eisuke Amiya,

Yoshizaki, Yoshihide Asano, Hiroyuki Morita, Shinichi Sato, Issei Komuro (Vol 61, No.2, 413-418, 2020).

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The growth and survival of a rifampicin-resistant strain (22R6) of Ralstonia solanacearum were monitored after incorporation of cruciferous plants into infested soil. Air-dried residues of eighteen cruciferous plants (including two amphidiploid lines) were individually added to soil at a rate of 1.6% (w/w) and the water condition maintained at −10 kPa. Within one month of incubation at 24°C, nine of the 18 residues reduced the population of the strain 22R6; B. rapa sp. rapifera `', Brassica oxyrrhina, and an amphidiploid line of Brassicoraphanus, were most inhibitory. In contrast, total soil bacteria increased, regardless of the nature of the residue. After infested soil was incorporated with cruciferous plant residues and pre-incubated for one month in glasshouse, wilt-susceptible tomato were transplanted and monitored for 34-days on residue-treated soil. The pathogen was detected in shoots of only 2-7% of tomato grown respectively in soil with residue of B. rapa sp. rapifera `' and Diplotaxis muralis against 47% of tomato in non-residue soil. Data indicated that suppressive effects of the residues might depend on nutritional status and undefined factor in the soil but were not directly dependent on the concentration of glucosinolates (7.2×10^-3-1.1×10¹ μmole g^-1 tissue) in the residues and in vitro tests showed that authentic isothiocyanates were inhibitory to the pathogen only at high concentrations (more than 2 μmole g^-1 soil).

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The effects of the bonding temperature and voltage on the rate of the enlargement of intimately contacted area in the anodic bonding of the Kovar alloy to borosilicate glass have been studied systematically in order to obtain better understanding of the rate controlling factor of the process. It was suggested that the attainment of intimate contact was controlled by two factors having different activation energies depending on the bonding temperature. At bonding temperatures higher than 669–687 K (depending on the bonding voltage), the estimated activation energy was close to that of the viscous flow of the glass. At lower bonding temperatures, the estimated activation energy was close to that of the conductivity of the glass. A mechanism of the enlargement of intimately contacted area during the anodic bonding is proposed to explain these results.

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転倒の要因—ヒトはなぜ転ぶのか—…中馬　孝容　79

医療機関における転倒予防教室…奥泉　宏康，黒柳　律雄　長谷川　伸，武藤　芳照　長谷川亜弓，太田　美穂　83

地域における転倒予防の取り組み…高杉紳一郎　87

入院患者の転倒予防の取り組み…菊地　尚久　91

エビデンスに基づいた転倒予防…大高　洋平，里宇　明元　96

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In recent years, there have been many patients in Japan suffering from subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy (SMON) following abdominal disorders. At present, its etiology is not known, however, there are a few kinds of etiological hypotheses. One is that SMON may be a toxicosis caused by oral administration of chinoform, which have many contradictions in explaining the disease. Another is our viral etiological hypothesis, and the present report deals with isolation and some propertiesof the suspect virus present in stools and spinal fluid of SMON patients.
Virus was isolated, with a high frequency, in BAT-6 cell cultures accompanying a weak and incomplete cytopathic effect (CPE) from feces and spinal fluid of SMON patients living in different prefectures. Attempts to isolate the virus accompanying CPE in HeLa cells, primary monkey kidney cells, and human embryonic kidney cells were all unsuccessful. On the other hand, no virus was isolated in BAT-6 cells from control specimens except the case of aseptic meningitis. Antiserum prepared from the virus isolated from feces neutralized not only the CPE produced by other viruses from stool but also the CPE produced by all viruses from the spinal fluid of SMON patients.
Neutralizing antibody (NT) titers of 13 among 15 sera collected from SMON patients on different days after the onset of the disease were 5 to 10. In contrast, 10 sera collected from normal adults showed NT titer less than 5. Failure to detect high NT titers in patients sera may explain the subacute course and relapse of the disease. Furthermore, convalescent sera of two cases of aseptic meningitis showed NT titer of 160 to 320. The fact suggests that SMON may be a new viral infection following insufficient immunological state.
BAT-6 cells were found to be not susceptible to human enteroviruses so far tested, and the virus showed a characteristic host range in tissue culture. The virus was sensitive to ether, and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine. Also, the virus was filtrable through a membrane filter with an average pore size of 220mμ, but the virus was unable to pass through a 100mμ pore filter. Studies on pathogenicity of the virus in mice are revealing that the virus seems to be a new neuropathic slow virus. Further investigations about the properties of the virus are now in progress.

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  Si-Si wafer direct bonding was performed by surface activation with Ar ion beam bombardment. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum of the Si surface before and after the Ar ion beam bombardment was measured in situ to study the bonding condition quantitatively. The condition of the Ar ion beam bombardment gave the effect for the surface roughness, which was measured by Atom force microscope (AFM). The surface roughness is strongly related to the bonding. The roughness less than Ra=1 nm is necessary for the Si-Si wafer direct bonding.

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  Si-Si and quartz-quartz bonded wafers were fabricated using surface activated method by fast atomic beam sputtering. In the Si-Si bonded wafer fabricated by surface activated (dry) method non-bonding area decreased with heating at 300°C under a pressure, though in the Si-Si bonding wafer prepared by H₂SO₄+H₂O₂ chemical-treatment non-bonding area increased with heating at 300°C. Gas sealed in the non-bonding area was analyzed with a quadrupole mass spectrometer by cracking the wafer in vacuum. The main species of the gas was water (18 emu). The strength of the bonding between the Si-Si wafers bonded by surface activated method was 20 MPa even at non-heating. This is as strong as the bonding of the Si-Si wafer bonded by heating at 1000°C after H₂SO₄+H₂O₂ chemical treatment. The bond strength of the quartz-quartz wafer prepared by surface activation and heating at 700°C is similar to that of the wafer bonded by H₂SO₄+H₂O₂ chemical treatment and heating at 700°C.

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正常ラットにおけるカキドオシ抽出物の経口糖負荷試験では，ショ糖負荷30分後から60分後にかけての血糖値で，カキドオシ抽出物群は対照群と比べて有意（p＜0.01）な上昇抑制効果を示した．また，ストレプトゾトシン糖尿病ラットにおける経口糖負荷試験では，ショ糖負荷60分後から90分後にかけての血糖値で，カキドオシ抽出物群は対照群と比べて有意（p＜0.05）な上昇抑制効果を示した．さらに，カキドオシ抽出物を固相抽出カラムでシリカゲル担体吸着画分と非吸着画分に分けたところ，非吸着画分に血糖値上昇抑制作用が認められた．

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カキドオシ抽出物が本態性高血圧自然発症ラット（SHR）への血圧上昇抑制に対してどのような影響を及ぼすかを検討した．カキドオシ全草から熱水抽出することで収率20％のカキドオシ抽出物を得た．この抽出物には灰分が多く含まれ，特にカリウム（K）含量が高かった．カキドオシ抽出物を飼料中へ5％添加し，28日間SHRに自由摂取させると，試験14日後から対照群に比べて有意に血圧の上昇を抑制した．24時間尿を採尿し，ナトリウム（Na）およびK排泄率を算出したところ，カキドオシ抽出物を摂取することでNaおよびK排泄率ともに有意に増加した．これはカキドオシ抽出物に含まれるKの摂取によりSHRのNa排泄効果を促したことで，血圧上昇抑制作用を示したものと考えられた．

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In this paper, it was investigated that feature extraction method of ERP (Event-Related Potential) under the visual recognition task. First, visual oddball experiments were executed. We examined obtained response EEG about amplitude characteristic, frequency characteristic, and pattern recognition based on AR model. It is confirmed that our method was effective and optimal locations of electrode were occipital by the experiment.

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Four known compounds have been isolated from the aerial parts of the Brazilian medicinal plant Pariparoba (Pothomorphe umbellata). They were an alkaloid, a flavone, a dihydrocalcone, and a steroid. The chemical structures were established to be N-benzoylmescaline, wogonin, uvangoletin, and β-sitosterol glucoside using spectral methods. Among these compounds, the main component N-benzoylmescaline showed significant antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori.

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Factor analysis of planktic foraminiferal assemblages analyzed in sediment samples from the Northwest Pacific Ocean near Japan defines five major factors including the Kuroshio, Transitional Water, Oyashio, Kuroshio Gyre Margin and Coastal Water factors which, when mapped, show distinctive distributions. These factors account for over 94% of the total variance. Each of the factors can be treated as an independent variable in a regression analysis. Equations relating factors to winter and summer sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) show a high degree of accuracy. The standard errors of estimate for the transfer function equations PFJ-125 established in this study average about ±1.75°C for estimated winter temperatures, and about ±1.17°C for summer temperatures. Transfer functions PFJ-125 were applied to assemblages representing the last 12K yrs. in piston core C-1 collected in the area off Joban, northeast Honshu, Japan. The lowest estimated winter SST is 4.1°C and 18.5°C for the summer SST at 10, 500 yrs. B. P. whereas at 6, 300 yrs. B. P. the winter highest SST is 12.8°C and 23.9°C in the summer. Based on down-core variations in estimated winter and summer SST and fluctuations of the five identified factor loadings, the C-1 core site was alternatively under the influence of the Oyashio and Kuroshio Fronts through the last 12 K yrs. Marine conditions at core site C-1 at 10, 500 yrs. B. P. are comparable with those recorded in the same area for the last glacial maximum.

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A molecular biological analysis of cardiac ion channel should be useful for exploring the cause of sudden death, especially when there was no obvious morphological abnormality in the heart. We performed an autopsy of 42-year-old female who suffered from sudden death 10 hours after awakening from general anesthesia. She had a history of prolonged QTc interval. Pathological examination showed mild dilatation of the left ventricle (LV) and histological interstitial fibrosis in the LV and atrioventricular conduction system. Sequence analysis revealed AT deletion at nucleotide position 1735–1736 bp (ΔAT) of the HREG gene. In ΔAT cDNA-transfected HEK293T cells, HERG channel current was not detected under voltage clamp. When co-expressed with the wild-type (WT) HERG, the ΔAT did not exert dominant negative suppression on WT HERG channel current. Confocal microscopy revealed more reduced protein expression on the cell surface for the ΔAT than for the WT. These results suggest that the ΔAT dose not act as a dominant negative and cannot co-assemble to form functional channels. The long QT-interval in the case of heterozygous for this mutation may be explained by the reduced amount of functional HERG channels incorporated in the heart cell membrane.

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  Despite the remarkable progress in intensive care medicine, sepsis and shock continue to be major clinical problems in intensive care units. Septic shock may be associated with a toxic state initiated by the stimulation of monocytes by bacterial toxins such as endotoxin, which is released into the bloodstream. This study describes the role of oxidative stress in endotoxin-induced metabolic disorders. We demonstrate that endotoxin injection results in lipid peroxide formation and membrane injury in experimental animals, causing decreased levels of free radical scavengers or quenchers. Interestingly, it was also suggested that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced oxidative stress occurs as a result of bacterial or endotoxin translocation under conditions of reduced reticuloendothelial system function in various disease states. In addition, we suggest that intracellular Ca²⁺, Zn²⁺, or selenium levels may participate, at least in part, in the oxidative stress during endotoxemia. On the other hand, it is also suggested that the extent of endotoxin-induced nitric oxide (NO) formation may be due, at least in part, to a change in heme metabolic regulation during endotoxemia. However, in our experimental model, NO is not crucial for lipid peroxide formation during endotoxemia. Sho-saiko-to is one of the most frequently prescribed Kampo medicines and has primarily been used to treat chronic hepatitis. We report that Sho-saiko-to decreases the rh TNF-induced lethality in galactosamine-hypersensitized mice and protects mice against oxygen toxicity and Ca²⁺ overload in the cytoplasm or mitochondria during endotoxemia. We further suggest that Sho-saiko-to shows a suppressive effect on NO generation in macrophages stimulated with endotoxin and that it may be useful in improving endotoxin shock symptoms.

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疎水基を二本もつ陽イオン界面活性剤、ジアルキルジメチルアンモニウム塩(DADA)の毛髪への吸着を研究した。DADAの吸着量は毛髪の種類、共存する界面活性剤の有無及び種類、濃度、温度に依存した。ポリオキシエチレン系非イオン界面活性剤が存在すると毛髪へのDADAの吸着量は減少し、疎水基が長いものほどその効果が大きかった。また、DADAのアルキル炭素鎖数の違いも顕著であり、アルキル炭素数が20のDDeDAはアルキル炭素数24のDDoDAより吸着量が多かった。また、DDeDAの吸着挙動は、疎水基が一本であるトリメチルステアリルアンモニウムクロリド(TSAC)と類似しており、DDoDAの挙動がむしろ特殊であることがわかった。

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Removal of bisphenol A (2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, BPA) was investigated through the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-dependent tyrosinase catalyzed quinone conversion and subsequent quinone adsorption on chitosan beads. The activity of mushroom tyrosinase to BPA increased by adding H₂O₂; BPA was thus effectively converted into quinone derivatives. The optimum conditions for quinone conversion were determined in the presence of H₂O₂ at 0.3-0.4 mM at pH 6.0-7.0 and 40-45°C. When chitosan beads were added to BPA solutions containing BPA and H₂O₂, quinone conversion was enhanced; the quinone derivatives generated were adsorbed on chitosan beads. An increase in the amount of chitosan beads added to BPA solutions accelerated adsorption of quinone derivatives. BPA was completely removed at the amount of added chitosan beads of 0.050 mL/mL or more. This procedure is more effective than the homogeneous removal procedure using chitosan solutions, giving higher removal rates in shorter reaction times.

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We investigated the covalent immobilization of mushroom tyrosinase on an anion-exchange resin with a water-soluble carbodiimide and removal of a phenol compound, p-cresol, by using two columns packed with immobilized tyrosinase and chitosan beads. An increase in the immobilization time led to an increase in the amount of immobilized tyrosinase. Tyrosinase molecules were covalently immobilized on chitosan beads through the covalent multipoint attachment. Tyrosinase immobilized on anion-exchange resins for 72 h had an almost constant activity for 5-time repetitive p-cresol removal experiments. p-Cresol was also effectively removed by use of chitosan beads prepared with epichlorohydrin in a shortened treatment time. These results made clear that the stability and reusability of tyrosinase was improved by covalent immobilization on the resins and that p-cresol was effectively removed by using two columns packed with tyrosinase-immobilized resins and chitosan beads.

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