We show that the real Seifert form determines the weights for nondegenerate quasihomogeneous polynomials in \bm{C}³. Consequently the real Seifert form determines the spectrum for semiquasihomogeneous hypersurface singularities in \bm{C}³. As a corollary, we obtain the topological invariance of weights for nondegenerate quasihomogeneous polynomials in \bm{C}³, which has already been proved by the author [{Sae1}] and independently by Xu and Yau [{1}], [{2}], [{XY1}], [{XY2}]. The method in this paper is totally different from their approaches and gives some new results, as corollaries, about holomorphic function germs in \bm{C}³ which are connected by μ-constant deformations to nondegenerate quasihomogeneous polynomials. For example, we show that two semiquasihomogeneous functions of three complex variables have the same topological type if and only if they are connected by a μ-constant deformation.

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Inactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by high pressure treatment from 120 to 300 MPa in the range of -20 to 50°C followed pseudo first order reaction kinetics. The regression analysis of 43 inactivation rates showed that pressurization at sub-zero temperatures (-20 and -10°C) enhanced the effects of pressure as pressurization at higher temperatures : i.e., pressurization at 190 MPa and -20°C gave the same effect as pressurization at 320 MPa and room temperature. The results imply that high pressure treatment applied to food sterilization at lower temperatures has a greater effect with smaller pressure without destroying the original taste and flavor. Additional effects of sugars and slats on inactivation of yeast are also described.

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Products of strawberry jam prepared by a high hydrostatic pressure-processing method and a conventional heat-processing method were examined with regard to the changes of quality such as volatile flavor components, anthocyanins, browning index, furfural, sucrose contents, and vitamin C contents during storage at 5°C and 25°C for 1-3 months. The quality of pressure-processed jam immediately after manufacturing was superior to that of heat-processed jam in preserving the fresh flavor and natural color of raw fruits. The superior quality was maintained under low temperature storage for two to three months. However, room temperature storage resulted in rapid deterioration including off-flavor, discoloration, browning, and decomposition of sucrose and vitamin C. So, the commercial value of pressure-processed jam decreased within a brief period. On the other hand, heat-processed jam did not change in quality under room temperature storage for three months. It is supposed that dissolved oxygen and enzyme systems retained are the causative factors of rapid deterioration in pressure-processed jam.

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In this talk, we will discuss an inverse problem of determining the corrosion occurring in an inaccessible interior part of a pipe from the measurements on the outer boundary. Based on the Maz' iterative algorithm, a regularized BEM method is proposed for obtaining approximate solutions for this inverse problem. The numerical results show that our method can be easily realized andis quite effective.

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The singing behavior of 17 Grey Thrush Turdus cardis males was studied in a coastal forest in Kanazawa in 1996–1997. Fourteen males made dawn trips from their primary singing areas to a secondary singing area. Three males made multiple daytime trips to these areas. The frequency of trips made by two of the males decreased as breeding progressed in the primary singing area. The third male became to make frequent daytime trips to a secondary singing area after mating with a new female in the secondary area. In the areas where the males had not mated previously, they sang with high Pfs (proportion of full songs in a song bout), whereas in the areas where mating had already occurred Pfs were low. Making frequent trips between singing areas and changing the frequency of full song in song bouts are thought to be parts of a strategy to achieve polygyny.

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Inhibition of the enzyme activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) by a physiological concentration of bilirubin was studied using various substrates. When rat liver cytosol was used as an unfractionated GST, its GSH-conjugation activity toward 1- chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene was decreased to one-half by bilirubin, while the activity toward 1, 2- dichloro-4-nitrobenzene, p-nitrobenzyl chloride, or 1, 2-epoxy-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane and also the non-selenium dependent GSH-peroxidase activity toward cumene hydroper-oxide (CHPx activity) were hardly affected under the same conditions. In contrast, bilirubin inhibited each of the purified GST isozymes and no remarkable difference in bilirubin inhibition was observed with any of the substrates tested. From the chromatographic analysis of the cytosol incubated with [³H]bilirubin, it was found that a major part of the added bilirubin binds to subunit 1 () of GST isozyme, leaving not only the conjugation activity derived from 3-4 type GST but also the CHPx activity of subunit 2 (Yc) quantitatively intact. The bilirubin inhibition of both the conjugation activity of GST 3-4 and the CHPx activity of GST 2-2 was prevented almost completely by addition of a 3-fold molar excess of GST 1-1. From these results, it was assumed that the enzyme activities of both 3-4 type GSTs and subunit 2 (Yc) were protected from the inhibitory action of bilirubin by the scavenger effect of subunit 1 ().

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We studied the endocytic transport of an 85-kDa lysosomal membrane glycoprotein (LGP85) from the cell surface to lysosomes in cultured rat hepatocytes. Fab' fragments of a monoclonal antibody against LGP85 (30 mAb) were conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and then used as probes to monitor the endocytic transport of LGP85 from the plasma membrane to lysosomes. Continuous internalization and lysosomal transport of HRP-30 mAb Fab' occurred in the hepatic cells, resulting in its accumulation in the dense lysosomal fraction obtained from the cells on Percoll density centrifugation. The endocytic transport of HRP-30 mAb continued in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, indicating that LGP85 is cycled between the cell surface and lysosomes or endosomes, like other lysosomal membrane glycoproteins, lamp-1 and lamp-2, as reported previously [Akasaki et al. (1993) J. Biochem. 114, 598-604]. The half times (t_1/2) of internalization and lysosomal transport of LGP85 were 32 min and 2.0 h, respectively. The kinetics of endocytic transport for LGP85 are very similar to those of lamp-1 and lamp-2. LGP85 possesses a short cytoplasmic tail whose amino acid sequence is quite different from those of lamp-1 and lamp-2. Therefore, these results suggested that continuous internalization from the cell surface and lysosomal transport of endogenous LGP85 occur through a mechanism that can recognize this novel amino acid sequence, probably a Leu-Ile-containing motif, in normal hepatic cells of rat.

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In this note we establish the boundedness properties of local maximal operators M_G on the fractional Sobolev spaces W^s,p(G) whenever G is an open set in ℝⁿ, 0 < s < 1 and 1 < p < ∞. As an application, we characterize the fractional (s,p)-Hardy inequality on a bounded open set by a

-type testing condition localized to Whitney cubes.

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Fermentative nitrogen-fixing bacteria have not yet been examined in detail in thermal environments. In the present study, we isolated the thermophilic fermentative bacterium, strain

01 from a hot spring. This strain grew at temperatures up to 78°C. A phylogenetic analysis based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain 01 belonged to the genus Caldicellulosiruptor, which are fermentative bacteria in the phylum Firmicutes, with 97.7–98.0% sequence identity to its closest relatives. Strain 01 clearly exhibited N₂-dependent growth at 70°C. We also confirmed N₂-dependent growth in the relatives of strain 01, Caldicellulosiruptor hydrothermalis 108 and Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis 2002. The nitrogenase activities of these three strains were examined using the acetylene reduction assay. Similar activities were detected for all tested strains, and were slightly suppressed by the addition of ammonium. A genome analysis revealed that strain 01, as well as other Caldicellulosiruptor, possessed a gene set for nitrogen fixation, but lacked the nifN gene, which encodes a nitrogenase iron-molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein that is commonly detected in nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The amino acid sequences of nitrogenase encoded by nifH, nifD, and nifK shared 92–98% similarity in Caldicellulosiruptor. A phylogenetic tree of concatenated NifHDK sequences showed that NifHDK of Caldicellulosiruptor was in the deepest clade. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the nitrogen-fixing ability of fermentative bacteria at 70°C. Caldicellulosiruptor may have retained an ancient nitrogen-fixing enzyme system.

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Acid hydrolysis of the antibiotic -56 X (Zorbamycin) and Y belonging to the phleomycin-bleomycin group was carried out and the following constitutional amino acids were isolated from the hydrolyzate of -56 X: β-Amino-β-(4-amino-6-carboxy-5-methylpyrimidine-2-yl)-propionic acid, β-aminoalanine, L-erythro-β-hydroxyhistidine and 3 unidentified amino acids. Though the former 3 amino acids were known to be constituents of phleomycins and bleomycins, the latter three were not found in phleomycins and bleomycins. -56 Y gave one more unidentified amino acid.
Furthermore, isolation of β-alanine and 2-acetylthiazole-4-carboxylic acid from the hydrolyzate indicated the presence of 2-(2-(2-aminoethyl)-Δ²-thiazoline-4-yl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid in -56 X and Y as in phleomycins.

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The substrate specificity of alkaline elastase Bacillus from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. -B was investigated using oxidized insulin A- and B-chains. Under time-limited cleavage, the initial cleavage site of the enzyme on the oxidized insulin A-chain and B-chain was at the leucinel3-tyrosinel4 bond and the leucinel5-tyrosinel6 bond, respectively. When the cleavage was completed, three major cleavage sites and three minor cleavage sites on the A-chain, and five major cleavage sites and four minor cleavage sites on the B-chain were found. However, most of the peptides produced after complete hydrolysis of the A- or B-chain by the enzyme were composed of four to six amino acid residues. The results suggest that this enzyme cleaves the oxidized insulin A- and B-chains in a block-cutting manner.

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The writer discusses this subject from two standpoints, meteorolo-gical and ethnographical. The results are summarized as follows:
1) Although the authors thought that “Yamazi (Yamaze)” and “Yamase” are the same, the one being a corruption of the name of the other, the two names mean entirely different kinds of wind.
2) “Yamazi (Yamaze)” is widely known in the Setouti District, meaning a southerly gale, accompanied by a Tyhoon.
3) “Yamase” occurs in the Japan Sea, being a very cold easterly breeze that blows in early summer from high pressure regions, which stagnated on the eastern sea of Japan.
4) Etymologically, these two names have quite different origins, the one sugesting “-Maze”, in which “” means the arrow, in Japanese, and “Maze”, being either the name of a southerly summer breeze ( previous paper) or having the same origin as “Yamai” (=disease). The other means “Yama-Kaze”, a wind that blows over the mountains, like the “Tramontana” of Westein Europe.
5) In this case, the marginal phenomana of words distribution can be recong naized also.

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The deoxidation equilibrium of aluminum in liquid cobalt has been measured at the temperature ranges from 1873 to 1973 K using alumina crucibles with a view to understanding the equilibrium between aluminum and oxygen in liquid cobalt.
The temperature dependence of the deoxidation constants, K_Al(=a_Al²·a_O³⁄a_Al2O3(s)), for the deoxidation reaction in liquid cobalt, i.e.:
(This article is not displayable. Please full text pdf.)
\ oindentwas found to be:
(This article is not displayable. Please full text pdf.)
\ oindentwhile the effect of temperature on the deoxidation product, K_Al′(=[%Al]²[%O]³) and the effect of aluminum on the activity coefficient of oxygen in liquid cobalt were determined by the expressions:
(This article is not displayable. Please full text pdf.)

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Pangani川流域の水位低下評価は, この地域が農業に適した条件ばかりか水力発電に適した条件をも備えているため, 重要である. 水位低下が経験される乾季に, Nyumba Munguダム上流域では, 水資源を灌漑に用いるべきか, 発電に用いるべきかというコンフリクトが発生する. 貯水池に流入する2つの川, すなわちRuvu川とKikuletwa川の内, 前者においてより高い水位低下頻度が経験される. Q70(日平均流量の累積分布で30%に当たる値)をいき値として用いた渇水評価においては, Kikuletwa川の渇水量及び, 渇水持続期間の方がRuvu川のそれらよりも大きかった. POT解析(peaks over threshold analysis:いき値超過ピーク解析)は, この流域の水位低下と渇水の特性を評価する上で信頼できる結果を提示した. この解析では, Q-Qプロットや平均超過値プロットが, POT解析で当てはめるべき極値分布の選択や, 解析に用いるいき値の設定において有用であった.

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The scatter in creep-rupture data and the accuracy of prediction by TTP (Time-temperature parameter) method for long-term creep rupture strength have been examined for 16 types of ferritic heatresisting steels. The logarithm of long-term creep rupture time was observed to be normally distributed. The TTP of Larson-Miller (LMP) and Manson-Haferd (MHP) was used for prediction of long-term creep rupture strength. The constants of TTP (C=20 for LMP, T_a=450 and =14.55 for MHP), which are the average values of the optimized constants for each heat, were applied. An excellent prediction of long-term creep rupture strength whose RMS (root mean square) value is less than 0.3 was achieved for 95% of 87 heats of a wide variety of low alloy steels from 0.5Mo steel to 5Cr-0.5Mo steel.

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