The writers made a kind of electrical resistance thermometer, which is simple in structure and low in cost; nevertheless, it has high sensitivity.
Because of its superior nature, it is believed that this instrument will be of much use in widening the scope of safety studies in coal mines.
As the temperature in , ribs of coal and coal storage bins can be easily indicated by this meter, it is believed that such detecting of coal temperature would be very useful for the early detection of all kinds of -fire.

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Although histamine is a central mediator in the immediate allergic reaction, its role in goblet cell hyperplasia in the airway of asthma is not completely understood. This study was designed to examine the role of histamine in goblet cell hyperplasia using histamine-deficient mice (Hdc^−/− mice) with allergic airway inflammation. Wild-type and Hdc^−/− C57BL/6 mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA). After two-week exposure to OVA, goblet cell hyperplasia was evaluated. Cell differentials in BALF were analyzed. The mRNAs level of MUC5AC and

Gob

-5 gene were quantitatively determined. The number of eosinophils in BALF increased in both the wild-type mice and Hdc^−/− mice; however, their ratio in Hdc^−/− mice was significantly lower than that in the wild-type mice. The mRNA levels of

Gob

-5 and MUC5AC and the ratio of the goblet cells in the airway epithelium were significantly increased in Hdc^−/− mice exposed to OVA compared to the wild-type mice under the same condition. These results suggested that histamine may play a regulatory role in goblet cell hyperplasia in allergic airway inflammation.

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In order to expand the scope of the concept of UX (User Experience), authors conducted a research on the descriptive words of various types of experience by introducing a concept of (Goal Oriented Behavior), POB (Process Oriented Behavior) and SOB (State Oriented Behavior) to cover the various ranges of human behavior. From the perspective of usability engineering, achieving the goal () is the fundamental presupposition in terms of the behavior of the user hence the satisfaction can be regarded as an important measure. In other words, people will be satisfied by achieving the goal in the situation where the usability matters. But the concept of UX is wider than the usability and it was assumed that different words should be used for representing the nature of different types of behavior. A set of descriptive words including the satisfaction was tested for different types of behavior and it was found that different types of experience should be described differently in terms of their pragmatic and hedonic (Kansei) aspects.

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In forming a glass container by the blow-blow method, parison is formed in a blank mold by air blow. It is then blown in a blow mold and inflated to form a bottle. Since the final shape of a bottle is designated from the beginning, the final wall thickness of a bottle is controlled by the shape and the wall thickness of an intermediate product parison. In this way the design of parison is important, but it is difficult to study how parison is formed as glass materials to be formed are extremely hot. With this in mind, the author used silicone oil in place of high-temperature glass and measured temperature at which parison is produced and the wall thickness of parison being produced. The author also studied, from the calculation of glass flow, the relationships between variations in equal temperature distribution and temperature of parison and the wall thickness of parison. In addition, the author studied causes of bottom wall thickness and waved faults and countermeasures to be taken. The result is that we have reached the following observations: (1) The wall thickness of parison from its mouth to line is closely related to the flow velocity of glass material and is nearly proportionate to the parison diameter. (2) Variations in the temperature distribution of parison according to glass temperature, mold temperature and the length of time during which glass stays in a blank mold cause the flow velocity of glass material to change which in turn affects the wall thickness of parison. (3) The wall thickness of the bottom below the line decreases or increases depending upon the length from the line to the bottom of parison (the surface area of glass in contact with the mold).

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メキシコ、グアテマラ、パナマの各国における国家レベルの公文書の管理状況について、2017年11月に現地調査を行った。メキシコでは、立法文書の管理が行政、司法文書に比べて管理方法の面でも専門的人材の配置の面でも発展途上であり、さらに立法府内でも上院と下院で文書管理方法に差異があることが分かった。グアテマラでは、国立の文書館に公文書が移管される体制が確立しておらず、全体的に発展途上である中で、内戦が続いた歴史的経緯から国家警察の文書が重要視され、国外の援助も取り入れながら相対的に発展した管理体制を築いていることが分かった。パナマでは、保存スペースの問題から、国立文書館で移管を受ける公文書を公証人文書に限定し、国立文書館が各機関に公文書管理の方法を指導して個別管理させることで、分散的ながらも画一的な方法で公文書管理を行う体制を整えようとしていることが分かった。

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青色申告制度に規定された「正規の簿記の原則」は，「企業会計原則」の「正規の簿記の原則」から導入されたが，「企業会計原則」の「正規の簿記の原則」には多くの解釈があり，その概念は未だに明らかでない。両概念について，ドイツの概念である不確定法概念の理解に基づけば，次のように整理することができる。①「企業会計原則」の「正規の簿記の原則」の概念は，誘導法等を要件とする正確な会計帳簿および財務諸表の作成に関する会計行為の形式的枠組みを定めた原則である。②税法の「正規の簿記の原則」の概念は，法制化されたものを含む，正確な会計帳簿および貸借対照表，損益計算書の作成に関する記録と形式を定めた原則である。③両概念は，いずれも「形式的原則」のみによって構成される。ただし，「企業会計原則」および税法の「正規の簿記の原則」の概念は，両制度における目的等（場の条件）によって異なるものであるとの結論を得た。

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This letter proposes an adaptive beamforming switch algorithm for realistic massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems through prototypes. It is analyzed and identified that a rigid single-mode beamforming regime is hard to maintain superior performance all the time due to no adaption to the inevitable channel variation in practice. In order to cope with this practical issue, the proposed systematic beamforming mechanism is investigated to enable dynamic selection between minimum mean-squared error and grid-of-beams beamforming algorithms, which improves system downlink performance, including throughput and block error rate. The significant performance benefits and realistic feasibility have been validated through the field tests in live networks and theoretical analyses. Meanwhile, the adaptive beamforming switch algorithm is applicable to both fourth and fifth generation time-division duplexing cellular communication system using massive-MIMO technology.

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A mixed integer non-linear mathematical model is proposed to efficiently provision necessary supplies for the dignified survival of people affected by hydrometeorological disasters that are usually experienced in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. In the context of damages to property and infrastructure in the municipalities affected by such natural disasters and to develop resilience, a model that combines the problem of locating facilities with the problem of determining inventory levels for uncertain demand is developed, facilitating the timely supply of survival kits. The number of survival kits required is determined according to the needs of the affected people in terms of food products, equipment, water, and medicine. Requirements for food products and equipment are based on the human life cycle, from the stages of early childhood until old age; those for water and medicine on total demand. The model is tested in the Capital Region, one of the ten regions within Veracruz, because the municipalities that comprise the region have experienced numerous declarations of emergency registered in the Natural Disasters Fund. The Capital Region comprises 33 municipalities, 17 of which have experienced this type of declaration in 2016. Therefore, our model has been developed to determine the optimal location of a pre-positioned warehouse in the Naolinco municipality, including the optimal levels of inventory that would satisfy 99% of the affected population in this region. Our model can serve as a tool through which individuals involved in the decision-making process can select the locations that have not been impacted by the hydrometeorological events, including pre-positioned warehouses that in turn safely store the survival kits. This model can be utilized not only in Mexico but in any part of the world by individuals involved in the decision-making process associated with providing relief to affected people.

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This paper proposes an adaptive mode switching for error resilient video coding. The error resilient video coding system dynamically replaces reference pictures in inter-frame coding according to backward channel signaling. This system prevents temporal error propagation by preventing the encoder from using the erroneous picture as the reference picture. This system has two modes; the ACK mode is effective in more erroneous condition, and the NACK mode is effective in less erroneous condition. The mode switching mechanism and the error condition on the network is explained, and the performance of the system compared with the conventional H.263 system is shown by computer simulation.

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誤りのある伝送路で通常の動画像符号化を使用すると、誤りによる画質劣化が大きく、さらにその影響が時間的・空間的に伝搬する。我々はこれまで、受信状况に合わせて参照画像を動的に更新する符号化方式を提案してきた。提案方式は、受信端末が確実に受信した画像を参照フレームとすることで、画質劣化の伝搬を最小限に抑えることができる。本稿では、2種類の確認信号(ACK/NACK)をそれぞれ利用した方式を定義し、誤り発生時の画質劣化を従来の符号化方式と比較・検討する。その結果、ACK方式は誤りが多い場合に有効であり、NACK方式は誤りが少ない場合に有効であることを確認した。

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To investigate the functional relevance of the G-protein G₀ to adenosine-induced effects in the heart, we studied the localization of G₀ and its interaction with A₁ adenosine receptors. Concentrations of G₀ in various mammalian hearts differed markedly between the atrial and the ventricular muscle, as well as among species. In most species examined, the concentration of G₀ was much higher in the atrium than in the ventricle. The highest levels of G₀ in atria and ventricles were found in the ferret heart. An immunohistochemical study of the ferret heart with G₀α-specific antibodies showed that G₀ was localized throughout the membranes of cardiac myocytes, including the intercalated disks. In addition, G₀ was densely distributed in the nerve fibers and Purkinje fibers. Analyses of G₀α subtypes showed that bovine atrium mainly contained G₀Aα, while bovine ventricle contained only G₀Bα. By contrast, ferret ventricle contained both subtypes of G₀α. To study the coupling of G₀ to A₁ adenosine receptors, receptors in ventricular membranes of ferrets, which had been pretreated with pertussis toxin, or purified receptors were reconstituted with purified G₀A and G₀B. The reconstitution experiments indicated that both subtypes of G₀ coupled with A₁ adenosine receptors. These results suggest that the effect of adenosine is mediated by both G₀A and G₀B in membranes of ferret cardiac myocytes.

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Background: Histamine is known to have immunoregulatory roles in allergic reactions through histamine receptor 1 (H1R), H2R, H3R and H4R. However, its role in goblet cell hyperplasia in the airways of asthma patients is yet to be clarified.
Objective: This study was designed to examine the role of histamine in goblet cell hyperplasia using histamine-deficient mice (Hdc-/- mice) with allergic airway inflammation.
Methods: Wild-type and Hdc-/- C57BL/6 mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA). After a 2-week exposure to OVA, goblet cell hyperplasia was evaluated. Cell differentials and cytokines in BALF were analyzed. The mRNA levels of MUC5AC and -5 gene were determined quantitatively.
Results: The number of eosinophils in BALF increased in both the sensitized wild-type mice and Hdc-/- mice with OVA inhalation. In addition, the numbers of alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes in BALF increased significantly in the sensitized Hdc-/- mice with OVA inhalation compared to the wild-type mice under the same conditions. The concentrations of Interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-13, Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-2 in the BALF all increased significantly in both groups compared to those exposed to saline. In particular, the concentration of TNF-α in the Hdc-/- mice exposed to OVA was significantly higher than that in the wild-type mice under the same conditions. The mRNA levels of -5 and MUC5AC, and the ratio of the goblet cells in the airway epithelium significantly increased in Hdc-/- mice exposed to OVA compared to wild-type mice.
Conclusions: These results suggested that histamine may play a regulatory role in goblet cell hyperplasia in allergic airway inflammation.

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The purpose of this research was to examine the equity theory in the relationships between the aged and their social supporters. The correlations between distress and loneliness in equitable as well as inequitable relationships were investigated by using equity theory. Respondents were sixty eight people aged 65 or older who lived at an old people's home. The results showed that the more benefited the relationship, the higher the Total Mood Index (TMI) scores were. Even if the aged perceived relationships as overbenefited, many of them reported less distress in spite of Walster's theory. The correlation between TMI and loneliness score was significant, and as TMI was high, loneliness score was low.

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Ishikari coal field is the gassiest coal field in Japan. There is no operating coal mine in this coal field, but there are many closed coal mines. From these coal mines, methane has been emitted into the atmosphere. This is a significant problem for global warming because global warming potential of methane is twenty one times as much as that of carbon dioxide. Therefore, we plan to use the methane emitted from the closed coal mines as fuel for a small scale generator and inject the exhaust generated by the egines of electric generation into the area of the closed coal mines. Injected carbon dioxide is absorbed by coal remaining in the area and replaces methane absorbed on coal surface. Fig.1 shows the outline of the utilization of CMM and CO₂ injection system.
In order to make it clear, some investigations have been carried out at Akabira Mine and laboratory tests have been carried out at Hokkaido University. The subujects of these investigations and tests are shown as follows;
(1) Investigation on gas potential of Akabira Mine
(2) Methane emission rate from the shafts into atmosphere
(3) Communication among shafts and gas potential of each shaft
(4) Estimation of methane production from the New Akabira Mine
From the results of these investigation and tests, there is no different between the measurement results and estimation results. Therefore, we think that above investigation and tests are very useful methods for evaluation and estimation of the recovery CSM from the abandoned coal mine.

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肺腺癌非手術剖検例79例について, 細胞亜型分類 (Shimosato, Y. et al, 1982) を行い, 生存期間, 転移等に関して検討した結果, 以下の結果を得た. 1) 粘液非産生気管支表面上皮型 (BSE型) は, 肺内転移の頻度が杯細胞型についで高いが, 生存期間は最も長く, IV期症例においても比較的長期生存が期待できる. 2) 杯細胞型は, 肺内転移の頻度が最も高いが, 生存期間は長く, BSE型とともに長期生存が期待できる. 3) 気管支腺型は, リンパ節転移及び癌性胸膜炎を来す傾向が強く, 生存期間は最も短い. 4) クララ細胞型は, 癌性胸膜炎の頻度が比較的高く, 生存期間もやや短い傾向があるが, 症例によるばらつきが大きい. 5) 光顕的に分類困難な症例 (分類不能型) は, リンパ節転移・肺内転移・癌性胸膜炎とも頻度が高く, 生存期間も気管支腺型についで短い.

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Polyclonal antibodies to the α subunits of G_o type G proteins (G_oα) were coupled to agarose gel and used to isolate G_oα from solubilized membranes of various bovine tissues. The cholate extract of membranes was applied to the anti-G_oα-agarose gel column. The column was washed extensively, then bound proteins were eluted at a neutral pH using a commer-cial ActiSep Elution Medium. The proteins in the eluate displayed a single band of 39 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. They bound to GTPγS and were ADP-ribosylated by pertussis toxin. The yield of the immunoreactive G_oα from the extract was about 40%. Isoelectric focusing, immunoassay and peptide mapping analysis of the G_oα-like proteins purified from the heart and adrenal medulla indicated that these proteins were very similar to the α subunit of a minor subtype of G_o in the brain which was previously referred to as G_o*α

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