In order to clarify an internal flow of regenerative pump, velocity measurements have been conducted by PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) for the pump with casing and impeller made of acrylic resin. Spiral flows that come and between the passage and impeller are confirmed. On the cross section parallel to the rotating plate of impeller, when the flow rate is small (i.e., the pump head is large), the magnitude of radial velocity becomes larger and the circumferential velocity smaller than the case of large flow rate. It is, therefore, considered that the number of turns of spiral flow between the flow passage and the impeller increase, and so the pump head also increase when the flow rate is small.

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It is extremely rare to develop metastasis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma to the axillary lymph nodes, non-regional lymph nodes. The metastasis is likely lymphogenous because of patients showing metastasis only in the axilla without other distant metastasis. Four of 924 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who underwent curative resection in our institution and Kyoto Medical Center showed metastasis to the axilla (0.43%) during the follow-up until July, 2008 from April, 1981. The patients were aged 61-73 years old, 2 with well-differentiated and 2 poorly-differentiated papillary carcinoma, 1 male and 3 female, with 1 already having distant metastasis at a different site when axillary metastasis became clear. Furthermore, each patient had a history of neck dissection of the ipsilateral VI regional lymph nodes prior to axillary metastasis. Concerning the origin of axillar metastasis, it was previous reported that lymphatic communication is present between the cervical and axillary lymphatic clutches. When orthodromic lymphatic flow is blocked by either previous neck dissection or metastasis around the venous angle, the lymphatic system may against the . The postoperative course and prognosis are presented together with the viewpoint of QOL.

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A large scale landslide occurred in the Atsumari River Catchment, Minamata City, Kumamoto Prefecture on July 20, 2003. This type of landslide is called a “deep-seated landslide.” The debris flow induced by this landslide killed 15 people. The deep-seated landslide was caused by the rising of groundwater level due to heavy rainfall, hydrogeomorphological formation of the underground area prone to storage of groundwater, and deeply weathered volcanic rocks. Some debris-flow disasters induced by the deep-seated landslides have occurred around this disaster site, such as the disasters at Nishiuchitate in Ebino City, Miyazaki Prefecture in 1972 and at Harihara in Izumi City, Kagoshima Prefecture in 1997. These areas are underlain by quaternary volcanic rocks, andesite, and tuff breccia. The characteristics of the deep-seated landslides and the debris flow induced by it were examined based on a field study in the Atsumari River Catchment. On the basis of the topographical, geological, and hydrological data of the volcanic areas around these sites, this study describes a method of predicting potential deep-seated landslide sites.

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Previously, we identified four metabolites of (−)-epicatechin in blood and urine: (−)-epicatechin-3'-O-glucuronide (E3'G), 4'-O-methyl-(−)-epicatechin-3'-O-glucuronide (4'ME3'G), (−)-epicatechin-7-O-glucuronide (E7G), and 3'-O-methyl-(−)-epicatechin-7-O-glucuronide (3'ME7G) (Natsume et al. Free Radical Biol. Med. 34, 840-849, 2003). The aim of the current study was to compare the antioxidative activities of these metabolites with that of their parent compound. After oral administration of (−)-epicatechin, E3'G and 4'ME3'G were isolated from human urine, and E7G and 3'ME7G isolated from rat urine. We found that these compounds inhibited peroxynitrite-mediated tyrosine nitration, in the following order of potency: E3'G > (−)-epicatechin > E7G = 3'ME7G. = 4'ME3'G. These results demonstrate that the metabolites of (−)-epicatechin retain antioxidative activity on peroxynitrite-induced oxidative damages to some extent.

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The effects of a localized perturbation in an initially uniform traffic flow are investigated with the optimal velocity model under an open boundary condition. The parameter region where the uniform solution is convectively unstable is determined by linear analysis. It is shown that the oscillatory flow, which is linearly unstable but convectively stabilized, is triggered out of a linearly unstable uniform flow by a localized perturbation, and in the upper stream it eventually breaks up into an alternating sequence of jams and free flows. This observation suggests that the real traffic flow pattern observed near an on-ramp [B. S. Kerner: Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 3797] is a noise-sustained structure in an open flow system. We also find that, in a certain parameter region, the convectively stabilized uniform flow is destabilized by the non-linearly induced free flow.

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高血圧加療中の66歳, 男性. 3年前より食後15分後に始まる腹痛, 軟便とそれによる食欲低下が出現し, 2カ月半前より増悪した. 上部・下部消化管内視鏡検査など消化器系検査では原因となる異常は認めなかった. 造影CT検査および血管撮影検査所見にて, 腹腔動脈および上・下腸間膜動脈の3本の起始部完全閉塞が確認され慢性腸間膜動脈閉塞症による腸管虚血が原因と考えられ, 大動脈—総肝動脈バイパス術および大動脈—上腸間膜動脈直接吻合を施行した. その後, 腹痛および軟便は消失し食欲も回復した.

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Objective: In order to find problems and provide reference for the standardization of application of Morita therapy in China, we preliminarily investigated the overview of how Morita therapy was taken in China. Object and method: Questionnaire survey was performed to inquiry eight representative medical institutions which had department of psychiatry by sending e-mail and assigning person during half year. The questionnaire was completed by psychiatric physicians. Result: During the half year, all medical institutions have adopted Morita therapy and used the method of diary therapy, and accompanied drugs. In the clinic Morita therapy, the maximum frequency was up to 20 times during a session, while the general was between 4 to 20 times. The longest treatment period per time of Morita therapy was 1 to 2 hours accounting for 62.5% of all institutions. 25% took 40 to 60 minutes per time. And 12.5% took about 30 minutes each time. In the resident Morita therapy, it was different in the treatment period of each session and the treatment method among the eight institutions. Discussion: The results indicated that Morita therapy did have been widely used and developed in some extent in China. But the survey also showed that the standard of Morita therapy in China varied and the concept was not uniform. This may be because that mental illness itself is a behavioral disorder which is difficult to strictly distinguish and there is no strict period division in Morita therapy, as well as the level of awareness on Morita therapy varies from physician to physician. Herein, it's necessary to carry out more training on Morita therapy and invite professional Japanese experts to lecture in China. The popularization of Morita therapy has practical significance.

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A 72-year-old woman with slowly progressive type 1 diabetes (SPIDDM) was admitted to our hospital because of increasing abdominal pain and diarrhea. The patient was diagnosed with nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI), and a subtotal colonectomy was performed successfully. The resected sample revealed transmural gangrenous necrosis of the colon and rectum. This case is interesting because the severe NOMI occurred in a SPIDDM patient without common predisposing events such as hypoperfusion. Prolonged generation of reactive oxygen species in SPIDDM, together with the decline in adaptive response to oxidative stress with aging, might be an exacerbating factor for ischemic injury in the elderly.

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We report a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who developed progressive emaciation and postprandial abdominal pain with a 27-year history of corticosteroid treatment. The patient was diagnosed as having intestinal angina based on computed tomography that showed severe stenosis of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in addition to complete occlusion of the celiac and inferior mesenteric arteries. Histopathology of the SMA and abdominal aorta showed atherosclerosis with no vasculitis or thrombus formation. Intestinal angina should actively be considered as a possible cause of recurrent abdominal pain in SLE patients, particularly in those with a long history of disease.

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台湾では、1980年から1995年の間に生まれてきた若者達が最も日本の流行文化から影響を受けていると思われています。それは日本からのファッションが大量受け入れられていることから見ると、分るでしょう。1990年代から、日本のドラマは台湾でブームになって以来、日本の流行文化を受け入れられる人口も増えてきました。そのゆえ、台湾のCMやファッションに関する商品など、さまざまな文化も日本風になっていきます。たとえば、コマーシャルは通訳しないまま日本語で言っているか、日本語の字幕が流れている。更に日本語で命名する商品や広告のスローガンになった例もあります。
ですから、今後の論文では、ＥＧＭ評価判断法によって、日本の流行文化は如何に台湾の社会に影響を齎しているか、どのように若者達の間で、人気を呼んでいるかを研究していきたいと思っています。 日本文化が台湾でブームになっている原因は下のように考えられています。
１　先駆けの技術とアイディア
２　A型の人の性格特質
３　「お客様は一番大切」というサービスの態度と安心感
４　社会への配慮

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A landslide-dam hazard mapping method is proposed so as to provide the necessary information to countermeasures against earthquake induced landslide disaster chain. The procedures of the method are introduced together with newly developed slope identification technique and new slope stability analysis GIS module. A practical application is presented to show the practical usefulness of the hazard mapping system.

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近年，資源の有限性などの観点から，物質の投入・廃棄(フロー)の量を低水準に抑えるストック型社会への移行が求められている．建設分野における物質循環は大規模であり，この分野におけるフローの削減が環境負荷の削減に果たす役割は非常に大きい．建設分野におけるフロー部分の動向を理解する上で，社会的要因を踏まえた将来のストック需要量を把握する必要がある．そこで本研究では，都市構造物のうち人間活動が反映されやすいであろう建築物に着目し，建築物ストック需要量に影響を与える要因を整理すると同時に，異なった社会像を反映した複数のシナリオごとの建築物ストック需要量の将来推計を行う．結果として，シナリオごとの一人あたり建築物ストック需要量に10トン近くの差が生じることが確認された．

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Horticultural production, in general, may influence the environment in several ways. In Europe, much effort has been put into a more environmentally sound plant cultivation over the past ten years. Changes include the use and application of fertilisers and pesticides, the introduction of closed irrigation systems, the use of alternatives for peat and an improved waste management. Quite different objectives were set in the various European states. New and better growing techniques usually require higher investment costs, however, very often these are counterbalanced by considerable advantages for the growers.

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重症大動脈弁閉鎖不全症兼狭窄症（severe ASR）に合併した慢性腸間膜動脈閉塞症（CMI）の1例を経験した．症例は76歳男性．40歳代よりASRを指摘されていたが，放置していた．1年前に維持透析が導入された．その頃より食後の腹痛があり，3年間で10 kgの体重減少を認めた．腹部症状の原因精査およびASRに対する心精査が行われた．C.I. 2.00 L/min/m² の低心拍出量症候群（LOS）を呈するsevere ASRを認め，腹部血管造影で上腸間膜動脈（SMA）の完全閉塞と腹腔動脈（CA）の高度狭窄を認めた．CMIにsevere ASRによるLOSが加わり，腸管虚血が増悪していると判断した．両者の同時治療が望ましいと考え，腎動脈下腹部大動脈-上腸間膜動脈バイパス術を先行し，生体弁による大動脈弁置換術を一期的に施行した．術後回復に時間を要したが，術後1カ月で食事は全量摂取可能となり，腹部症状は消失した．弁膜症とCMIの合併は非常に稀であり，弁置換術と腸間膜動脈血行再建の同時手術の報告は本邦では検索しうる限り認めない．腹部大動脈-上腸間膜動脈バイパスと大動脈弁置換術の一期的手術により，周術期の腸管虚血を来すことなく良好な結果が得られた．

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経済社会における物質ストックは将来発生する廃棄物および二次資源の予備軍といえる。本稿では、将来廃棄物として発生する可能性の高い物質を潜在廃棄物と呼んで、日本の建設鉱物を事例にその量を見積もった。また、廃棄物として発生する可能性の低い物質、すなわち非潜在廃棄物の種類を整理し、その量を見積もった。結論は以下の通りである。１）経済社会に投入される建設鉱物を、潜在廃棄物、潜在散逸物、散逸的利用物、永久構造物に分類した。２）日本の経済社会に投入され蓄積している全建設鉱物のうち、潜在廃棄物の比率は約30%と推計された。３）潜在廃棄物、非潜在廃棄物の概念を導入することで、将来発生する廃棄物や、非潜在廃棄物がもたらす環境影響と資源ロスについてより正確な評価が可能となる。

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An aeration system employing a long vertical shaft of 100 m or more depth has recently been developed by ICI. The interior of the shaft is divided into two parts. Air bubbles sparged in one side of the interior flow down to the bottom and then flow up through the other side of the shaft to the surface, as liquid circulates through both sides. This liquid circulation is maintained by the gas lift action of the sparged air. In this aeration system, the flow path of the air bubbles introduced is long enough to yield high oxygen utilization.
In the present paper, the authors discuss operating problems of ICI''s deep shaft aerator. The airlift type deep shaft was simulated by a mathematical model. The momentum balance equation for the fluid flow, the theoretical and empirical relations between gas velocity, liquid velocity, gas slip velocity and gas holdup, and the mass balance equation for oxygen transferred through the gasliquid interface, were all simultaneously solved to obtain the distributions of gas holdup and oxygen utilization along the shaft length.
The calculated results give valuable information, such as the relations between the gas velocity, liquid circulation velocity, depth of air introduced and oxygen utilization. The power economy of the deep shaft is discussed in connection with its design and operating problems.

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The behavior of the scrap is an important factor affecting the transport phenomena in the converter for steel manufacturing process, especially for the performance of a certain heat such as temperature and chemistry composition. However, the observation and evaluation of the scrap behavior is very difficult. In this paper, a physical modeling based on the similarity principle is established for the study of the scrap behavior during converter steelmaking process. Specially-made ice pieces with different shapes and sizes are used to simulate the scrap, and its motion and melting are visualized in a transparent scaled-down model. Moreover, the dynamic melting characteristics of a given ice piece is numerically investigated. It has been indicated that the scrap behavior is closely related to the fluid characteristics in the converter. The enhancement of stirring and mixing can be of importance to the scrap controlling. The scrap with small size is more favorable for the actual production. As for the scrap melting, the shape of scrap is a crucial parameter. The large-size scrap with small specific surface area should be avoided during converter steelmaking process. In addition, more energy is needed when more scraps are charged. The obtained results can provide good references for the actual production.

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耐用年数を迎えた都市構造物や気候変動による自然災害の増加によって，都市に蓄積された物質ストックが将来大量に廃棄物として発生することが懸念される。都市構造物ストックの定量化は，将来の新規投入・排出フローの予測や今後の適切な維持管理計画を検討する上で重要な役割を果たす。本研究では，地理情報システムを活用し，日本全国の建築物と社会基盤施設の建設資材ストックを推計し，経時的な物質動態を明らかにした。2020 年の建築物の建設資材ストックは11,800 百万t，社会基盤施設は7,400 百万t と推計された。また，建築物の着工床面積は1 年あたり117 百万m²，滅失床面積は76 百万m² であった。

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